All-fiber Doppler lidar wind field detection system and method

An all-fiber Doppler lidar wind field detection system comprises a laser emission system, an optical receiving system, a frequency discrimination and optical detection system and a signal processing system, wherein the frequency discrimination and optical detection system is connected with the signal processing system; the laser emission system and the optical receiving system are connected with the frequency discrimination and optical detection system through multi-mode / single-mode converters; the laser emission system emits laser light into the atmosphere; the optical receiving system receives backscattering light of atmospheric molecules and couples the backscattering light into multimode fibers, then, the backscattering light is fed into the signal processing system after entering the frequency discrimination and optical detection system for processing through the multi-mode / single-mode converters, and wind speed information is obtained after the backscattering light is processed. A fiber M-Z interferometer is used as a frequency detector, the wavelength range is wide, the selectivity of a laser light source is high, the ability to resist external interference is high, and spectral resolution and light splitting efficiency are high; in this way, the stability of detection is improved, detection accuracy is high, and the all-fiber Doppler lidar wind field detection system is convenient to use.