58results about How to "Reaction can be limited" patented technology

A surface crosslinking treatment method of a water-absorbing resin powder is disclosed that can overcome various problems in production encountered in the production of surface crosslinked water-absorbing resin powders on an industrial scale and can produce a water-absorbing resin powder having excellent physical properties without causing deterioration in physical properties of resin. The surface crosslinking treatment method of a water-absorbing resin powder includes adding a surface crosslinking agent to a water-absorbing resin powder and heat treating the mixture, wherein (1) the water-absorbing resin powder after the heat treatment is stirred and cooled under an air flow; (2) the water-absorbing resin powder after the heat treatment is cooled under an air flow, and at the same time, at least a part of fine particles of the water-absorbing resin powder and / or the residual crosslinking agent is removed by the air flow; or (3) the water-absorbing resin powder after the heat treatment is cooled and simultaneously granulated, and preferably an aqueous solution is added to the water-absorbing resin powder at a temperature of 40-100° C. during the cooling treatment.

A surface crosslinking treatment method of a water-absorbing resin powder is disclosed that can overcome various problems in production encountered in the production of surface crosslinked water-absorbing resin powders on an industrial scale and can produce a water-absorbing resin powder having excellent physical properties without causing deterioration in physical properties of resin. The surface crosslinking treatment method of a water-absorbing resin powder includes adding a surface crosslinking agent to a water-absorbing resin powder and heat treating the mixture, wherein (1) the water-absorbing resin powder after the heat treatment is stirred and cooled under an air flow; (2) the water-absorbing resin powder after the heat treatment is cooled under an air flow, and at the same time, at least a part of fine particles of the water-absorbing resin powder and / or the residual crosslinking agent is removed by the air flow; or (3) the water-absorbing resin powder after the heat treatment is cooled and simultaneously granulated, and preferably an aqueous solution is added to the water-absorbing resin powder at a temperature of 40-100° C. during the cooling treatment.

An integrated lab-on-a-chip device for carrying out an assay to detect the presence of a biological molecule in a fluid sample, the device comprising: (a) an inlet for a fluid sample; (b) one or more reaction sites each in fluid communication with the inlet; (c) one or more reagent reservoir systems each containing reagents required for an assay to detect a biological molecule, the reagents being arranged sequentially in each reservoir system in the order in which they are required for the assay and separated from one another by a fluid.

A process for conversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising a relatively heavy main feedstock with a boiling point above approximately 350° C., and a relatively light secondary feedstock with a boiling point below approximately 320° C., wherein, the main feedstock, representing at least 50 wt. % of the hydrocarbon feedstock, is cracked in a fluidized-bed reactor in the presence of a cracking catalyst, the secondary feedstock is cracked in a fluidized bed with the same cracking catalyst, separately or mixed with the main feedstock, said secondary feedstock comprising oligomers with at least 8 carbon atoms of light olefins with 4 and / or 5 carbon atoms.

Provided is an ethanol fuel reforming system for internal combustion engines with which system a reaction of reforming ethanol into diethyl ether can be conducted at a constant temperature, and the reaction can be maintained with stability. The system comprises reforming means 2 for containing a reforming catalyst; a first heat exchanger 7 for heating a heating medium with the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine 5; a second heat exchanger 8 for heating an ethanol fuel with the heating medium; and heating medium circulating means 9 for circulating the heating medium. The heating medium makes distribution of temperature in the reforming means 2 uniform. The heating medium heats the reforming means 2 and the ethanol fuel to an identical temperature. The reforming means comprises an ethanol fuel channel 12 filled with the catalyst, and the ethanol fuel channel 12 is bent in the reforming means 2.

The present invention relates to the field of semiconductor processing and provides apparatus and methods that improve chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of semiconductor materials by promoting more efficient thermalization of precursor gases prior to their reaction. In preferred embodiments, the invention comprises heat transfer structures and their arrangement within a CVD reactor so as to promote heat transfer to flowing process gases. In certain preferred embodiments applicable to CVD reactors transparent to radiation from heat lamps, the invention comprises radiation-absorbent surfaces placed to intercept radiation from the heat lamps and to transfer it to flowing process gases.

An energy distributing side structure for a vehicle is disclosed. The side structure includes a B-pillar having a wide base and an internal reinforcing tube, a rocker having an internal bulkhead, a rear rocker, and at least one cross-member extending vehicle-inward from the rocker. The cross-member may extend to the vehicle tunnel and may be attached to a tunnel brace. One or more additional cross-members may be provided which also extend vehicle-inward from the rocker and define secondary load paths. By this arrangement loading is transferred to the floor and cross-members of the vehicle during a lateral impact event.

A process for conversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising a relatively heavy main feedstock with a boiling point above approximately 350° C., and a relatively light secondary feedstock with a boiling point below approximately 320° C., wherein,the main feedstock, representing at least 50 wt. % of the hydrocarbon feedstock, is cracked in a fluidized-bed reactor in the presence of a cracking catalyst,the secondary feedstock is cracked in a fluidized bed with the same cracking catalyst, separately or mixed with the main feedstock, said secondary feedstock comprising oligomers with at least 8 carbon atoms of light olefins with 4 and / or 5 carbon atoms.

Fuel cells, and renewable-semi-liquid fuel mixtures, useful as anode materials, for said fuel cells are disclosed. The fuels are comprised in part of materials intercalated with hydrogen, alkali metals, or alkali metal hydrides, dispersed in liquid carriers. The chemical energy generated by the reaction of the fuel mixtures with oxygen, or an oxygen carrier such as air, water, or hydrogen peroxide, can be converted into electrical energy in fuel cells. Once converted, the by-products of the reaction may be collected and those components that where chemically modified in the reaction can be renewed by conversion or re-intercalation of hydrogen, alkali metals, or alkali metal hydrides.

A camera dolly comprises a base and a plurality of legs extending radially outward from an inner end pivotally coupled on the base to an outer end supporting a wheel assembly thereon such that the wheel assemblies are arranged for rolling movement along a pair of rail members extending in a longitudinal direction. Each wheel assembly comprises a plurality of wheels spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction in two rows arranged to receive the respective rail member therebetween. Each wheel assembly is pivotal about an upright axis and a horizontal axis relative to the respective leg. A horizontal deck plate includes plural sets of mounting apertures therein corresponding to different relatively fixed relationships of the legs. A socket formed centrally in the base threadably receives an upright post therein which support the camera thereon spaced above the base.

A thin-film transistor includes a metal electrode and a zinc oxide-based barrier film that blocks a material from diffusing out of the metal electrode. The zinc oxide-based barrier film is made of zinc oxide doped with indium oxide, the content of the indium oxide ranging, by weight, 1 to 50 percent of the zinc oxide-based barrier film. A zinc oxide-based sputtering target for deposition of a barrier film of a thin-film transistor is made of zinc oxide doped with indium oxide, the content of the indium oxide ranging, by weight, 1 to 50 percent of the zinc oxide-based sputtering target.

An exhaust system for a power generating apparatus comprising a heat source for combusting a fuel in air to produce power, which exhaust system being adapted to receive a flowing exhaust gas and comprising a catalyst system for treating the exhaust gas, which catalyst system comprising a first oxidation catalyst and a second catalyst, wherein the first oxidation catalyst is positioned downstream from the heat source so that the flowing exhaust gas contacts the first oxidation catalyst before the second catalyst.

The present invention relates to the field of semiconductor processing and provides apparatus and methods that improve chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of semiconductor materials by promoting more efficient thermalization of precursor gases prior to their reaction. In preferred embodiments, the invention comprises heat transfer structures and their arrangement within a CVD reactor so as to promote heat transfer to flowing process gases. In certain preferred embodiments applicable to CVD reactors transparent to radiation from heat lamps, the invention comprises radiation-absorbent surfaces placed to intercept radiation from the heat lamps and to transfer it to flowing process gases.

An object of the invention is to provide a process for urethane resin production in which the molecular weight of the urethane resin can be easily controlled regardless of the kind of polyisocyanate compound and which can yield a urethane resin for use as a removable pressure-sensitive adhesive usable in extensive applications ranging from a strong-tack region to a slight-tack region. The process for urethane resin production of the invention is a process for producing a urethane resin which comprises reacting a polyol with a first polyisocyanate compound in such a proportion that isocyanate groups are present in excess to thereby obtain an isocyanate-group-terminated prepolymer, subsequently reacting the isocyanate-group-terminated prepolymer with a chain extender, and further reacting the resultant polymer with a chain terminator, wherein the chain extender comprises a polyfunctional compound (X) having three or more functional groups reactive with an isocyanate group, wherein two of the functional groups of the polyfunctional compound (X) are primary hydroxyl groups and the remaining functional group(s) is secondary hydroxyl or tertiary hydroxyl group(s).

A method is disclosed for forming corrosion-resistant joints in a plurality of overlapping thin metal sheet workpieces, at least one of which comprises at least 85% by weight of magnesium sheets. The fastener is a fiber-reinforced polymer rod shaped and sized for insertion into a coaxial opening formed in each sheet and subsequently upset on each end to form a head. The workpiece sheets are deformed to form mechanically-interfering features which cooperatively complement the strength of the fastener, under at least some joint loading patterns. The method may be used for other workpiece and fastener compositions.

A MOSFET structure including silicate gate dielectrics with nitridation treatments of the gate dielectric prior to gate material deposition.

A method of controlling a video clip player is described. The method comprises sending a control signal from a controller to the video clip player to output a pre-recorded video clip to a display; using a sensor to sense EEG signals from the brain of an observer of the displayed video clip; transmitting the sensed EEG signals from the sensor to the controller; processing the received EEG signals to determine an outcome, the outcome being achieved by the received signal comprising a predetermined frequency or a predetermined combinations of frequencies of EEG signals above a threshold level for a predetermined period of time; and controlling the video clip player in response to the determined outcome. The controlling step comprises selecting a next pre-recorded video clip to be output by the video clip player from a plurality of stored pre-recorded video clips; and instructing the video clip player to output the selected pre-recorded video clip to the display for presentation to the observer.

Systems and methods are provided for hydrogen generation utilizing two or more liquid fuel components, using a fuel delivery system comprising a single reversible or bi-directional pump co-operable with flow control means comprising passive or active valves to deliver two or more fuel components to a mixing zone, reaction zone, or reaction chamber of a hydrogen generation system. The pump is operable in a forward direction to deliver one fuel component, and in a reverse direction to deliver a second fuel component. Control of the pump speed, direction and duty cycle of the pump in continuous or pulsed modes provides for delivery of first and second fuel components in desired proportions, to control hydrogen generation. The system also allows for dilution, mixing and flush cycles to be provided using a single pump, reducing the number of active elements required for fuel delivery and flow control in systems using two or more liquid fuel components.

A method is disclosed for forming corrosion-resistant joints in a plurality of overlapping thin metal sheet workpieces, at least one of which comprises at least 85% by weight of magnesium sheets. The fastener is a fiber-reinforced polymer rod shaped and sized for insertion into a coaxial opening formed in each sheet and subsequently upset on each end to form a head. The workpiece sheets are deformed to form mechanically-interfering features which cooperatively complement the strength of the fastener, under at least some joint loading patterns. The method may be used for other workpiece and fastener compositions.

Solid state thermoelectric energy conversion devices can provide electrical energy from heat flow, creating energy, or inversely, provide cooling through applying energy. Thick film methods are applied to fabricate thermoelectric device structures using microstructures formed through deposition and subsequent thermal processing conditions. An advantageous coincidence of material properties makes possible a wide variety of unique microstructures that are easily applied for the fabrication of device structures in general. As an example, a direct bond process is applied to fabricate thermoelectric semiconductor thick films on substrates by printing and subsequent thermal processing to form unique microstructures which can be densified. Bismuth and antimony are directly bonded to flexible nickel substrates.

A reaction system in which a heat transfer fluid is carried through a process fluid in a conduit and the heat transfer surface area between the conduit and the process fluid can be varied according to the heat generated or absorbed by the reaction as determined by the temperature change in the heat transfer fluid across the reaction and the mass flow of the heat transfer fluid through the conduit.

An energy distributing side structure for a vehicle is disclosed. The side structure includes a B-pillar having a wide base and an internal reinforcing tube, a rocker having an internal bulkhead, a rear rocker, and at least one cross-member extending vehicle-inward from the rocker. The cross-member may extend to the vehicle tunnel and may be attached to a tunnel brace. One or more additional cross-members may be provided which also extend vehicle-inward from the rocker and define secondary load paths. By this arrangement loading is transferred to the floor and cross-members of the vehicle during a lateral impact event.

An organic light-emitting diode comprising a substrate (1), an organic light-emitting layer (3) arranged between a first electrode (2) and a transparent and semi-reflecting second electrode with a multilayer structure subdivided into:a first silver-based metallic layer (4) in contact with the organic light-emitting layer (3),a second aluminum-based metallic layer (5),and a third dielectric layer (6),characterized in that the second metallic layer (5) is inserted between the first metallic layer (4) and the third dielectric layer (6) of the transparent second electrode, that the organic light-emitting layer (3) comprises a doped sub-layer in contact with the first metallic layer (4) of the transparent second electrode, and that the thickness of said third dielectric layer (6) is adjusted to limit the absorption by said first (4) and second (5) metallic layers of the light emitted by the diode.

An ethanol fuel reforming system for internal combustion engines performs a reaction of reforming ethanol into diethyl ether at a constant temperature with stability. The system has a reformer for containing a reforming catalyst, a first heat exchanger for heating a heating medium with the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, a second heat exchanger for heating an ethanol fuel with the heating medium, and heating medium circulating means for circulating the heating medium. The heating medium makes distribution of temperature in the reformer uniform. The heating medium heats the reformer and the ethanol fuel to an identical temperature. The reformer is an ethanol fuel channel filled with the catalyst, and the ethanol fuel channel is bent in the reformer.

A composition for removing hydrogen from an atmosphere, comprising a mixture of a polyphenyl ether and a hydrogenation catalyst, preferably a precious metal catalyst, and most preferably Pt. This composition is stable in the presence of oxygen, will not polymerize or degrade upon exposure to temperatures in excess of 200° C., or prolonged exposure to temperatures in the range of 100-300° C. Moreover, these novel hydrogen getter materials can be used to efficiently removing hydrogen from mixtures of hydrogen / inert gas (e.g., He, Ar, N2), hydrogen / ammonia atmospheres, such as may be encountered in heat exchangers, and hydrogen / carbon dioxide atmospheres. Water vapor and common atmospheric gases have no adverse effect on the ability of these getter materials to absorb hydrogen.

An alkaline storage battery has a negative electrode using a hydrogen-absorbing alloy represented by a general formula Ln1-xMgxNiyAz wherein Ln is at least one element selected from rare-earth elements including Y, Ca, Zr, and Ti, A is at least one element selected from Co, Fe, Mn, V, Cr, Nb, Al, Ga, Zn, Sn, Cu, Si, P and B, and 0.15≦x≦0.30, 0<z≦1.5, and 2.8≦y+z≦4.0 are satisfied. The hydrogen-absorbing alloy has a hexagonal system crystal structure or a rhombohedral system crystal structure as its main phase and has a subphase of line which average number of not less than 50 nm in thickness existing in the range of 10 μm×10 μm in the cross section of the main phase is 3 or less.

The present invention relates to a method to improve the iron production rate in a blast furnace being charged by iron containing agglomerates. The method includes contacting the chargeable iron containing material with a slag modifying effective amount of a dispersion of a particulate material, wherein the contacting occurs prior to the charging of the agglomerate to blast furnace process.

A physical vapor deposition (PVD) target that includes a body composed of material that is reactive with an oxygen containing atmosphere; and a non-reactive cap layer encapsulating at least a sputter surface of the body. The non-reactive cap layer is a barrier obstructing the diffusion of oxygen containing species to the body of the PVD target.

The present disclosure relates to polymer particles comprising a polymer matrix having a coating of an inorganic semimetal oxide or metal oxide, wherein the polymer matrix has at least one first functional group A and at least one second functional group B, both functional groups A and B being able to enter into at least one covalent bond with one another, functional group A being selected from the group consisting of an azide group, C —C double bond, C —C triple bond, aldehyde group, ketone group, imine group, thioketone group and thiol group, and functional group B being selected from the group consisting of a C —C double bond, C —C triple bond, C —N triple bond, diene group, thiol group and amine group.