The invention relates to a distributed magnetic 
resonance underground water detection device and method. The device comprises an excitation device, a polarization device, an air receiving structure carrying an array type cold coil sensor and a detection coil to which the air receiving structure belongs. A polarization 
transmitter determines the positions of the polarization 
transmitter and the airborne receiving structure through a 
position analysis module and determines whether the polarization 
transmitter outputs the signals or not. During detection, the polarization device polarizes a watersource to enhance the amplitude of a magnetic 
resonance signal; after the polarization current is quickly and stably turned off, the excitation device outputs instantaneous local Larmor frequency pulses to excite 
hydrogen protons in water; after excitation is stopped, the 
hydrogen protons return to the initial 
energy level, and an array type cold coil sensor is used for collecting magnetic 
resonance signals; and finally, the 
signal is transmitted to a handheld terminal through a 
wireless module to be displayed and stored. The distributed transmitting structure and the array type cold coil areused for detecting underground water, the advantages of being high in 
noise immunity, capable of achieving multi-dimensional fine imaging and high in efficiency are achieved, and the underground water exploration range is expanded.