The invention discloses an identity 
authentication method and 
system based on electroencephalogram characteristics. The method comprises the following steps: model training, 
password setting, 
alpha wave test, electroencephalogram characteristic extraction and classification, and model updating. The electroencephalogram characteristic extraction and classification method is composed of pre-training layer by layer, network 
fine tuning and classification. According to the identity 
authentication method and 
system disclosed by the invention, first level 
authentication is performed on a tester by means of the property that the alpha 
waves fluctuate greatly when the tester is 
lying, meanwhile the existing method is improved to establish a 
feature extraction method based on a depth belief network, meanwhile the 
feature extraction method is optimized by using an immune leapfrog 
algorithm, and when the tester observes 
password patterns, 
feature extraction and classification are performed on the 
brain waves so as to perform second level authentication. By means of the two levels of authentication, the security of the user can be guaranteed, and the improved depth belief network can also improve the existing identification precision, ensure less error rates, avoid a large number of false alarms and bring good user experience.