440 results about "Air cathode" patented technology

A method and apparatus for making lithium / air batteries with LiPON as separator and protective barrier, and the resulting cell(s) and / or battery(s). Some embodiments include an apparatus that includes a lithium anode; a polymer-air cathode; and a LiPON separator between the anode and cathode. In some embodiments, the polymer-air cathode includes a carbon-polyfluoroacrylate material. In some embodiments, the anode overlays a copper anode contact.

The invention provides a high-efficiency compound regenerative electrical energy device. The device comprises a reactor, an anode chamber, an anode plate, a cathode chamber, a cathode plate, a proton exchange membrane module, a liquid distributor, a gas distributor, a purge distributor, a battery load, an output pump, a circulating pump, a heating / cooling device, a slurry pump, an air blower, a purge gas stop valve, a flow control valve, a magnetic flap liquidometer, a self-operated pressure-regulating valve, and an immersed pump. The gas distributor is disposed at the bottom of the cathode chamber, and the circulating pump is disposed in the middle of the reactor barrel. The air blower communicates with the gas distributor by the self-operated pressure-regulating valve, and the immersed pump is disposed at the bottom of the cathode chamber. The device uses the coupling mode of fuel cell and catalyst reactivation by means of the arrangement of air cathode fuel cell, is beneficial to improve the oxidation regeneration rate of the catalyst, and realizes the rapid regeneration of the complex catalyst.

An embodiment of the invention is an air cathode having a porous membrane with at least one hydrophobic surface that contacts a conductive catalytic film that comprises single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) where the nanotubes are in intimate electrical contact. The conductive film can include fullerenes, metals, metal alloys, metal oxides, or electroactive polymers in addition to the SWNTs. In other embodiments of the invention the air cathode is a component of a metal-air battery or a fuel cell.

A metal-air battery includes a housing having an aperture for the passage of air and a pair of electrodes that extend from the housing. An air cathode may be interconnected with one of the electrodes and an anode may include a metal foil that is interconnected with another of the electrodes. A separator may be interposed between the air cathode and the metal foil and a barrier layer may surround the metal foil. The barrier layer may function to substantially reduce the passage of moisture to the metal foil. A method of making a metal-air battery is also presented.

A rechargeable lithium-air battery (10) comprises a non-aqueous, organic-solvent-based electrolyte (16) including a lithium salt and an additive containing an alkylene group, disposed between a spaced-apart pair of a lithium anode (12) and an air cathode (14). The alkylene additive may be alkylene carbonate, alkylene siloxane, or a combination of alkylene carbonate and alkylene siloxane. The alkylene carbonate may be vinylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, or a combination of vinylene carbonate and butylene carbonate. The alkylene siloxane may be a polymerizable silane. The polymerizable silane is triacetoxyvinylsilane.

A main object of the present invention is to provide an air battery system which can restrain the internal resistance caused by the shortage of liquid electrolyte from increasing and which can carry out a high-rate discharge. The present invention resolves the above-mentioned object by providing an air battery system comprising: an air battery cell which contains an air cathode, an anode, and a separator; and an oxygen gas supply means for supplying an oxygen gas by bubbling to a liquid electrolyte, characterized in that the air cathode further contains an air cathode layer containing a conductive material, and an air cathode current collector for collecting current of the air cathode layer; the anode further contains an anode layer containing an anode active material which stores and releases a metal ion, and an anode current collector for collecting current of the anode layer; and the separator is provided between the air cathode layer and the anode layer, and characterized in that the air cathode layer and the anode layer are constantly filled with the liquid electrolyte at a time of a change in a volume of the electrode caused by a discharge or a discharge and charge.

This invention relates to a method for fabricating solid-state alkaline polymer Zn-air battery, which consists of a zinc-gel anode, an air cathode electrode, and alkaline polymer electrolyte. The formulation of said zinc gel anode is similar to that of alkaline Zn-MnO2 battery. The zinc gel anode contains a mixture of electrolytic dendritic zinc powders, KOH electrolyte, gelling agent and small amount of additives. The air cathode electrode is made by carbon gas diffusion electrode, which comprises two layers, namely gas diffusion layer and active layer. The active layer on the electrolyte side uses a high surface area carbon for oxygen reduction reaction and potassium permanganate and MnO2 as catalysts for oxygen reduction. The diffusion layer on the air side has high PTFE content to prevent KOH electrolyte from weeping or climbing. Due to adequate amount of fresh air and oxygen supply, the air cathode electrode can run continuously. Theoretically, the polymer zinc-air battery is an accumulator if the cell has sufficient zinc powder and electrolyte, and the air cathode plays the role of energy transfer.

An anode environment mitigates undesired effects of oxygen upon the anode of a lithium-oxygen electrochemical cell. As a means of mitigating oxygen effect, a lithium anode and an air cathode are separated from one another by a lithium-ion-conductive electrolyte separator including material having low oxygen permeability that reduces the amount of oxygen that contacts the anode. As another means of mitigating oxygen effect, a cell comprises lithium-affinity anode material capable of receiving and retaining lithium in a state that is not significantly adversely affected by the presence of oxygen during cell charging and recharging and an air cathode separated by a lithium-ion-conductive electrolyte separator. Lithium-affinity material is capable of drawing lithium thereinto during charging of the cell and retaining the lithium substantially until discharge of the cell. A cell having a lithium-affinity anode may also have a lithium-ion-conductive electrolyte separator including material having low oxygen permeability.

The invention relates to a metal-air battery system. Two or more air cathodes of the metal-air battery system are inserted into a hollow cuboid shell in a pluggable connection and parallel mode to form an integrated structure; one or more metal anodes in the metal-air battery system is / are fixed on a cover plate in a replaceable connection and parallel mode to form an integrated structure; and the metal anodes on the cover plate are inserted into a cavity formed by the two air cathodes in turn, and covered by the cover plate to form the metal-air battery system. Compared with the prior art, the structure of a battery pack is more compact and firmer, the air cathodes and the metal anodes are easy to replace, the use and maintenance are more convenient, the cost is lower, the problem of difficult H2 exhaust is solved, and the metal-air battery system is suitable for an emergency power supply, an electronic product power supply and a power source which need high energy.

The invention discloses a measuring method of biochemical oxygen demand and a BOD sensor and applications. The measuring method comprises the following steps of: constructing a unilocular air cathode no-amboceptor microbial fuel cell, adding a sample into the microbial fuel cell; measuring output voltage generated by the microbial fuel cell and calculating electrical quantity value; and substituting the electrical quantity value into a liner equation and calculating the BOD value and the like. The invention provides the specific BOD sensor and applications thereof for implementing the method; the lowest detection limit of the measuring method is 0.2mg / L, the measuring range of BOD is 5 to 50mg / L, and the relative error with the detection result of a culture method at the temperature of 20 plus or minus 1 DEG C for 5 days is less than 4.0%. The invention has simple and programmable operation process, stable and fast measuring process, can realize online detection, has low cost and is suitable for promotion and application commonly.

The invention relates to a portable electrochemical oxygen generator, comprising: a proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) (1); a water-filled, porous anode (2), with an anode chamber (6); a porous air cathode (3), with a cathode chamber (5), whereby the PEM, anode and cathode form a PEM-cell; a direct current source (4); a cathode gas condensate separator (7), connected to the anode chamber by means of a condensate line and a pump (8), to form a water-cooling circuit; a reservoir with reducing valve (9) for the oxygen generated and a controller / regulator unit (11), for the control / regulation of the oxygen generation, the air feed and the temperature of the PEM-cell.

The invention relates to an electrogenesis structure of a microbiological fuel cell in a sewage treatment ecological engineering technology. The electrogenesis structure comprises a constructed wetland ecological engineering main body and an MFC (Micro-Function Circuit) system formed by a part of externally-connected circuits for constructed wetland components, wherein the constructed wetland main body comprises a coarse gravel layer, a conductive filler layer, an insulating filler layer, a top conductive material layer and wetland plants; the coarse gravel layer is a lowermost layer; the conductive filler layer is in a lower anaerobic area; the insulating filler layer is positioned between the lower conductive filler layer and the top conductive material layer; the wetland plants are fixed in the insulating filler layer; the root systems of the wetland plants gradually penetrate into the lower conductive filler layer along with the growth of the wetland plants; the MFC system consists of an anodic electrode, a cathodal electrode and an external connection wire for connecting the cathode with the anode; the anode is formed by the lower conductive filler layer of the constructed wetland; the cathode is formed by the top conductive material layer of the constructed wetland; and a part of the top conductive material layer is submersed in water, and a part of the top conductive material layer is exposed in the air to form an air cathode.

A direct methanol fuel cell unit is provided with a fuel cell including an anode, a cathode with a hydrophobic microporous layer, an electrolyte membrane put in-between, and a fuel supply path supplying fuel to the anode. The fuel supply path is provided with an upwind water barrier preventing back-diffusion of water and a gas flow path channeling gas generated at the anode and disposed between the barrier and the anode. A water-rich zone is formed between the water barrier and the cathode microporous layer. Water loss from either side of this zone is eliminated or minimized, thereby permitting direct use of highly concentrated methanol in the fuel flow path with good fuel efficiency and power performance. The cell unit can be applied equally well to both an active circulating air cathode and an air-breathing cathode.

The invention discloses a microbial fuel cell air cathode which is composed of a diffusion layer thin film, a stainless steel net and an active layer thin film in an overlapped mode from an air side to an electrolyte side. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: mixing a carbon powder material which has good electrical conductivity and is hydrophilic and PTFE (Poly tetra fluoro ethylene) emulsion which is hydrophobic and is air conductive in ethanol; clustering through ultrasound and water bath; and finally rolling into a thin-film-shaped diffusion layer and an active layer; with the stainless steel net as an electrical conductive framework, overlapping and rolling so as to form the air cathode. The microbial fuel cell air cathode and the preparation method thereof have the following advantages: according to the preparation method, since electrical conductive carbon black is added into the air diffusion layer, the resistance of an air diffusion electrode is reduced; since the ultrasound stirring is carried out after the PTFE emulsion is dropped in, uniform and fine air holes can be formed in the electrode and the three-phase interface reduction site in the active layer is increased; and heating and curing are carried out twice in a muffle furnace, thus PTFE forms an air conveying pore canal of a three-dimensional network structure, the three-phase interface in the active layer is increased, and the microbial fuel cell air cathode is applicable to normalized mass production.

An oxygen reduction electrode, e.g., an air cathode, comprising manganese oxides having octahedral molecular sieve structures as active catalyst materials and use of such an electrode as a component of a metal-air cell.

An object of the present invention is to provide a metal-air battery having excellent durability and capacity by facilitating a reaction of oxygen radicals and metal ions at an air cathode.Disclosed are an air cathode used for a metal-air battery comprising an air cathode, an anode and an electrolyte layer which is present between the air cathode and the anode and which conducts metal ions between the air cathode and the anode, wherein the air cathode comprises an air cathode layer comprising at least an electroconductive material and a supporting electrolyte salt, a metal-air battery comprising the air cathode, and a method for producing the air cathode for the metal-air battery.

The rechargeable metal air electrochemical cell generally includes a pair of air cathode portions centrally disposed and attached to each other with a collapsible mechanism. Anodes are disposed in ionic communication with each air cathode portions via a suitable electrolyte. For recharging, a pair of third charging electrodes is provided ionic communication with the anode portions.

A fuel cell system comprising an anode compartment which comprises an anode having a copper catalyst layer, a cathode configured as an air cathode and a separator interposed between said anode and said cathode, operable by an amine-derived fuel and oxygen (or air) is disclosed. Further disclosed are fuel cell systems comprising an anode compartment which comprises an anode having a copper catalyst layer, a cathode and a separator interposed between said anode and said cathode, which are operable by a mixture of two types of amine-derived compounds (e.g., ammonia borane, hydrazine and derivatives thereof). Also disclosed are methods of producing electric energy by, and electric-consuming devices containing and operable by, the disclosed fuel cell systems.

An air depolarized cell comprises an anode, a cathode, including an air cathode assembly openly exposed to the ambient environment and / or defining at least a portion of the outer surface of the cell. The cell can comprise a bottom member defining a bottom of the cell, and a top member defining a top of the cell, the air cathode assembly extending between the bottom member and the top member as the exposed or outer portion of the cell. An anode cavity can be disposed inwardly of the separator and upwardly of the bottom member, and contain a mass of electroactive anode material. An elongate anode current collector preferably extends into the anode material. The top member can comprise a top contour washer having inner and outer downwardly depending legs receiving an upper edge portion of the cathode assembly in a slot therebetween, and an insulating grommet in the slot, electrically insulating the cathode assembly from the top contour washer and sealing against liquid leakage out of the cell through the slot.

A microbiological fuel cell and a method for generating electricity by use of straws relate to a fuel cell and a method for generating electricity. The invention solves the problem that crop straws are not used efficiently, and particularly straw solids are not directly used in MFC. The microbiological fuel cell of the invention is composed of a container, catalytic anodes, anode wires, air cathodes, cathode wires, a cathode cover and a sealing cover. The method of the invention includes the steps of the pretreatment of the straws, the detoxifying treatment of the straws to obtain a straw solid substrate and a straw liquid substrate, the start-up of the cell, the treatment of the straw solid substrate or the straw liquid substrate. When the electricity is generated by the invention by using the straw solid substrate, the maximum power of the cell reaches 502mW / m<2>, and the degradation rate is about 45percent. When the electricity is generated by using the straw liquid substrate, the maximum power reaches 1288m W / m<2>, and the degradation rate of COD is 60 percent. The invention has the advantages of simple technology, convenient operation, high efficiency, no pollution, reduction of cost and relief of the energy crisis, and the straws in rural areas can be used efficiently.

The invention relates to a combined ecological floating bed device for using a microbial fuel cell to purify lake water. The combined ecological floating bed device for using the microbial fuel cell to purify the lake water comprises a combined ecological floating bed and the microbial fuel cell, wherein the combined ecological floating bed comprises a surface aquatic plant unit, a middle aquatic animal unit and a lower artificial medium unit from the top to the bottom; the aquatic plant unit consists of aquatic economic plants (1) and a conductive material (2) for fixing the aquatic plants; the aquatic animal unit is used for aquaculturing predatory aquatic animal shellfish (3); in the artificial medium unit, an active carbon nanoparticle artificial medium (4) is enriched with a great number of microbes to form a high-efficiency biomembrane purifying area; the combined ecological floating bed device for using the microbial fuel cell to purify the lake water is characterized in that the conductive material (2) is led out of the device through a conductive wire (5) to form an air cathode electrode of the microbial fuel cell. The combined ecological floating bed device for using the microbial fuel cell to purify the lake water can improve the water quality fundamentally and can recycle energy, and is applicable to large-scale, modeled and mechanical work.

An air cathode having a multilayer structure is composed of at least one substrate, two diffusion layers and three activation layers. The two diffusion layers are laminated over an upper side of the substrate and a lower side of the substrate. The three activation layers are respectively laminated over one of the two diffusion layers in order. Different loadings or different kinds of catalysts are added into a slurry to form the activation layers, and the activation layers and the diffusion layers are made through simultaneous sintering, thereby shortening the processing time. When the air cathode is used as the cathode of the Zinc-Air battery, the electrolyte inside the Zinc-Air battery will not be influenced by the outside air, and the problem of maintaining the water content of the zinc anode of the Zinc-Air battery can be efficiently overcome.

The present invention provides a method of manufacturing metal air cell systems. The method includes a thermoset molding step to integrate the cell structure with necessary cell components. This method offers reliable, stable structure and, most importantly, good bonding with porous components (e.g., air cathode, charging cathode) to prevent potential leakage.

The invention discloses a manganese-aluminum containing anode material for an air cell, and a preparation method and an application of the manganese-aluminum containing anode material. The air cell comprises a manganese-aluminum containing anode, an air cathode and neutral electrolyte. The anode material comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 0.05 to 2.5 percent of Mg, 0.05 to 1.5 percent of Sn, 0.05 to 2.5 percent of Ga, 0.1 to 1 percent of Mn and the balance of Al, and is prepared through an inert gases protection induction smelting method. With the adoption of the manganese-aluminum containing anode material, the open-circuit voltage is negative (minus 1.6 to minus 1.8V (vs.SHE)), the anode utilization is high (larger than or equal to 94%), the self-corrosion speed is low (smaller than or equal to 0.03mg / cm<2>*h), the surface corrosion is uniform, and the manganese-aluminum containing anode material belongs to high-performance anode material for the air cell operated in a neutral solution.

The invention belongs to the electrode preparation of fuel cells and aims to provide a microbial fuel cell air cathode easy to perform scale preparation, and a preparation method thereof. The collector body material of the air cathode is a three-dimensional porous material foam nickel sheet; the two sides of the foam nickel are respectively coated with a diffusion layer and a catalyst layer, wherein the diffusion layer consists of an inner mixed carbon basic layer and an outer polytetrafluoroethylene layer; and the mixed carbon basic layer comprises nano-scale activated carbon, conductive carbon and polytetrafluoroethylene serving as an adhesive; and the catalyst layer comprises micron-scale activated carbon, conductive carbon, isopropanol and polytetrafluoroethylene serving as the adhesive. The three-dimensional collector body material adopted by the invention is the foam nickel which has lower price than that of a carbon cloth and a stainless steel mesh, so that the manufacture costof a cell is further reduced; a catalyst is uniformly distributed in a three-dimensional network of a collector body, so that the conductivity of the electrode catalyst layer and the performance of the electrode are improved; the electrode and the cell have high stability; and the cathode has a simple manufacturing process and is easy to enlarge.

The invention discloses a microbial fuel cell type three-dimensional combined ecological floating bed device. The device is formed by combining a combined ecological floating bed and a microbial fuel cell; the combined ecological floating bed comprises an aquatic plant unit arranged at the upper layer, an aquatic plant unit arranged at the middle layer and a metal pallet arranged at the lower layer and used for fixing the upper layer and the middle layer, and a conductive material is led out of the device through a lead connected with an external circuit load, thus an air cathode electrode of the microbial fuel cell is formed; and an anaerobic reduction reaction region is formed by the metal pallet by means of an anaerobic environment of sediments, thus an anode electrode of the microbial fuel cell is formed. The invention also discloses an application of the device. By using the device, the polluted bottom mud is degraded fundamentally, meanwhile, the energy is recovered, and pollutants in a water body are simultaneously degraded, so that the pollutant dissolution equilibrium effect between the bottom mud and the water body is weakened, and the device is suitable for large-scale, modeled and mechanized operation.

The invention discloses an air cathode-based miniature direct formic acid fuel cell. A seal washer is respectively arranged inside an anode collector plate and a cathode collector plate; a membrane electrode is arranged between the two seal washers; one side, positioned on the cathode collector plate, of the membrane electrode is provided with a cathode gas diffusion layer; one side, positioned on the anode collector plate, of the membrane electrode is provided with an anode diffusion layer; an end plate is arranged outside the anode collector plate; a liquid storage cavity is reserved between the anode collector plate and the end plate; and a seal washer is arranged between the anode collector plate and the liquid storage cavity as well as between the liquid storage cavity and the end plate. In the cell, formic acid serves as a fuel; a proton exchange membrane on which a catalyst is sprayed serves as the membrane electrode; an air electrode is adopted directly; the structure is simple; the cell is convenient to detach; cell weight is reduced; reaction heat is collected effectively; the volatilization of the formic acid is reduced by a relatively closed system; and different discharge requirements of equipment on a power supply can be met by adopting different catalysts.

A packaging structure of a low-pressure molded fuel cell comprises a hot melt adhesive layer, which is formed through a low-pressure molding process using a hot melt adhesive that has specific material properties and will become molten when being heated. The molten hot melt adhesive is injected into the cell via injection holes formed on a housing or a mounting element to flow through a C-sectioned flow channel, so as to tightly enclose and bond to edges of the air cathode and separator for the cell. After the hot melt adhesive is solidified, a chemical-resistant hot melt adhesive layer with good sealing and enclosing ability as well as high adhesion strength and elasticity, being bubble removed at controlled pressure and the hot melt adhesive material is formed to firmly bond to the cell components and tightly seal the cell, so as to effectively prevent electrolyte in the cell from leaking.

An air battery having an air cathode having a porous carbon based air cathode containing a non-aqueous organic solvent based electrolyte including a lithium salt and an alkylene carbonage additive. The battery also includes a separator loaded with an organic solvent based electrolyte including a lithium salt and an alkylene carbonate additive, a cathode current collector, an anode, an anode current collector, and a housing. The housing contains the cathode, separator, cathode current collector, anode, anode current collector, and a supply of air.