812 results about "Compounds of carbon" patented technology

A process for the removal of a substance from a substrate for etching and / or cleaning applications is disclosed herein. In one embodiment, there is provided a process for removing a substance having a dielectric constant greater than silicon dioxide from a substrate by reacting the substance with a reactive agent that comprises at least one member from the group consisting a halogen-containing compound, a boron-containing compound, a hydrogen-containing compound, nitrogen-containing compound, a chelating compound, a carbon-containing compound, a chlorosilane, a hydrochlorosilane, or an organochlorosilane to form a volatile product and removing the volatile product from the substrate to thereby remove the substance from the substrate.

A process for producing hollow, single-walled carbon nanotubes by catalytic decomposition of one or more gaseous carbon compounds by first forming a gas phase mixture carbon feed stock gas comprising one or more gaseous carbon compounds, each having one to six carbon atoms and only H, O, N, S or Cl as hetero atoms, optionally admixed with hydrogen, and a gas phase metal containing compound which is unstable under reaction conditions for said decomposition, and which forms a metal containing catalyst which acts as a decomposition catalyst under reaction conditions; and then conducting said decomposition reaction under decomposition reaction conditions, thereby producing said nanotubes.

The present invention includes a process for selectively etching a low-k dielectric material formed on a substrate using a plasma of a gas mixture in a plasma etch chamber. The gas mixture comprises a fluorine-rich fluorocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon gas, a nitrogen-containing gas, and one or more additive gases, such as a hydrogen-rich hydrofluorocarbon gas, an inert gas and / or a carbon-oxygen gas. The process provides a low-k dielectric to a photoresist mask etching selectivity ratio greater than about 5:1, a low-k dielectric to a barrier / liner layer etching selectivity ratio greater about 10:1, and a low-k dielectric etch rate higher than about 4000 Å / min.

A method of forming a carbon-containing layer on a surface of a substrate is disclosed. The method can include providing a substrate within a reaction chamber of a reactor, heating a carbon precursor to produce a vaporized gas comprising carbon-containing molecules, providing the vaporized gas to the reaction chamber, and polymerizing the carbon-containing molecules to form the carbon-containing layer on the surface of a substrate. The carbon compound can include 10 or more carbon atoms. Exemplary methods provide carbon-containing layer with desired density and transparency.

A method of producing liquid hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-bearing rock in situ in a geological formation begins with exploring the formation by drilling a plurality of boreholes into the formation and taking core samples of the hydrocarbon-bearing rock and at least one overburden layer. Electrical parameters of the hydrocarbon-bearing rock and the overburden layer are determined, as well as a roughness of a boundary between the hydrocarbon-bearing rock and the at least one overburden layer. These electrical parameters are used to construct a computer model of a portion of the hydrocarbon-bearing rock and at least one overburden layer, the computer model based upon modeling the formation as a rough-walled waveguide. This computer model is used to simulate propagation of radio frequency energy within the hydrocarbon-bearing rock, including simulation of radio frequency wave confinement within the hydrocarbon-bearing rock, at several frequencies and temperatures. A frequency for retorting is selected based upon simulation results. Radio frequency couplers are installed into at least one borehole in the hydrocarbon-bearing rock and driven with radio frequency energy to heat the hydrocarbon-bearing rock. As the rock heats, it releases carbon compounds and these are collected.

The present invention provides biological fertilizer compositions that comprise yeast cells that have an enhanced ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, decompose phosphorus minerals and compounds, decompose potassium minerals and compounds, decompose complex carbon compounds, over produce growth factors, and over produce ATP. The biological fertilizer composition of the invention can replace mineral fertilizers in supplying nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to crop plants. Methods of manufacturing the biological fertilizer compositions and methods of uses are also encompassed.

This process is unique in photosynthetic carbon sequestration. An on-site biological sequestration system directly decreases the concentration of carbon-containing compounds in the emissions of fossil generation units. In this process, photosynthetic microbes are attached to a growth surface arranged in a containment chamber that is lit by solar photons. A harvesting system ensures maximum organism growth and rate of CO2 uptake. Soluble carbon and nitrogen concentrations delivered to the cyanobacteria are enhanced, further increasing growth rate and carbon utilization.

This invention is a composition of matter useful as a compression-ignition fuel. The composition has from about 30 to about 95 mass % of a light synthetic crude or syncrude, preferably from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis or related processes, and from about 5 to about 70 mass % of a blending stock that improves one or more desirable fuel property(s) including but not limited to pour point temperature, viscosity and emissions generated during combustion in a diesel engine. The blend stock preferably has an average molecular weight less than the average molecular weight of the light syncrude. Preferred blending stocks include hydrocarbons and oxygenates, such as alcohols, and ethers, having average molecular weights less than 200, preferably less than 160. The composition may optionally also contain pour point depressants, cetane improvers, carbon-containing compounds which react with water, and / or emulsifiers.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a nitrogen-doped porous-structure carbon material and belongs to the technical field of inorganic material preparation. The preparation method utilizes a micromolecular carbon-containing compound as a raw material and comprises the following steps of based on the weight of the raw material, adding 0-400wt% of an inorganic base, 0-400wt% of an organic nitrogen-containing compound and 0-50wt% of a metal or metal oxide or inorganic metal salt into the raw material, carrying out uniform dispersion, and carrying out a reaction process in an inert gas protective atmosphere at a temperature of 400-900 DEG C for 0.5-12h so that the nitrogen-doped porous-structure carbon material having micropores, mesopores and macropores is obtained. The preparation method has simple processes, can be controlled easily, and realizes one-step combination of porous structure, functionalization nitrogen doping and metal particle modification. The nitrogen-doped porous-structure carbon material having high nitrogen content has a large capacitance value and good cycle performances, can be used as an oxygen reduction reaction catalyst having high activity, high selectivity and high stability and has a very large application prospect.

The present invention is an apparatus and method for the direct reduction of iron oxide utilizing a rotary hearth furnace to form a high purity carbon-containing iron metal button. The hearth layer may be a refractory or a vitreous hearth layer of iron oxide, carbon, and silica compounds. Additionally, coating materials may be introduced onto the refractory or vitreous hearth layer before iron oxide ore and carbon materials are added, with the coating materials preventing attack of the molten iron on the hearth layer. The coating materials may include compounds of carbon, iron oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium oxide, and / or aluminum oxide. The coating materials may be placed as a solid or a slurry on the hearth layer and heated, which provides a protective layer onto which the iron oxide ores and carbon materials are placed. The iron oxide is reduced and forms molten globules of high purity iron and residual carbon, which remain separate from the hearth layer. An improved apparatus includes a cooling plate that is placed in close proximity with the refractory or vitreous hearth layer, cooling the molten globules to form iron metal buttons that are removed from the hearth layer. The improvements due to the present apparatus and method of operation provide high purity iron and carbon solid buttons, which are separate from slag particulates, and discharged without significant loss of iron product to the interior surfaces of the furnace.

Methods of forming a metal carbide film are provided. In some embodiments, methods for forming a metal carbide film in an atomic layer deposition (ALD) type process comprise alternately and sequentially contacting a substrate in a reaction space with vapor phase pulses of a metal compound and one or more plasma-excited species of a carbon-containing compound. In other embodiments, methods of forming a metal carbide film in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) type process comprise simultaneously contacting a substrate in a reaction space with a metal compound and one or more plasma-excited species of a carbon-containing compound. The substrate is further exposed to a reducing agent. The reducing agent removes impurities, including halogen atoms and / or oxygen atoms

A two-component on-site foam system for producing an intumescing fire protection foam is described with a density of less than 200 kg / m3 and an increased fire resistance endurance, with a polyol component (A), which contains at least one polyol, one catalyst for the reaction between the polyol and the polyisocyanate, water or a blowing agent based on a compressed or liquefied gas as foam-forming agent and at least one intumescing material based on an acid-forming agent, a carbon-supplying compound and a gas-forming agent, and a polyisocyanate component (B), which contains at least one polyisocyanate, wherein the polyol component (A) contains at least one polyester polyol, at least one aminopolyol, at least one halogen-containing polyol, at least one acidforming agent, expanding graphite and at least one ash crust stabilizer, the quantitative ratios of the polyols to the polyisocyanate or polyisocyanates being matched so that, when the polyol component (A) is mixed with the polyisocyanate component (B) as specified, the molar ratio of isocyanate groups of the polyisocyanate to the hydroxyl groups of the polyol (NCO: OH ratio) is larger than 1: 1, as well as to the use of this system for filling openings, cable and pipe leadthroughs in walls, floors and / or ceilings of buildings with foam for the purpose of fire protection.

The invention relates to an aqueous dispersion containing a dispersant and a disperse phase containing a hydrophobic material, the dispersant comprising an anionic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000 and being selected from the group consisting of carbon-containing compounds and silicon-containing compounds, and a cationic organic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000. The invention further relates to the preparation and use of the dispersion in the production of paper. The invention also relates to a substantially water-free composition containing a hydrophobic material, an anionic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000 and being selected from carbon-containing compounds and silicon-containing compounds, and a cationic organic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000, as well as it use in the preparation of an aqueous dispersion.

A graphene-based composite includes graphene and a structure former contacting the graphite, wherein the structure former is a metal oxide or a carbon compound and includes pores therein, and the graphene-based composite has a porous particle structure. The graphene-based composite can have a large specific surface area and excellent charge storage capacity.

The present invention provides biological fertilizer compositions that comprise yeast cells and poultry manure. The yeast cells of the invention have an enhanced ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, decompose phosphorus minerals and compounds, decompose potassium minerals and compounds, decompose complex carbon compounds, overproduce growth factors, overproduce ATP, decompose undesirable chemicals, suppress growth of pathogenic microorganisms, or reduce undesirable odor. The biological fertilizer composition of the invention can replace mineral fertilizers in supplying nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to crop plants. Methods of manufacturing biological fertilizer compositions, and methods of uses are also encompassed.

A method for manufacturing an electron source includes the steps of covering a substrate provided with a first electrode and a second electrode by a container, introducing a gas composed of a carbon compound into the container, and forming a carbon film by applying a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode. The relationship 1 / (4 / Cx-1 / Cz)>=Sout>=4Sact-Cin is satisfied, where Cin is the conductance from the gas inlet to the position of the substrate nearest to the gas inlet, Cx is the conductance from the position of the substrate nearest to the gas inlet to the position of the substrate nearest to the gas outlet, Sout is the effective exhaust rate, Sact is the consumption rate of the gas, and Cz is the conductance from the substrate to the gas outlet. An apparatus for manufacturing an electron source and a method for manufacturing an image-forming apparatus are also disclosed.

The present invention provides biological fertilizer compositions that comprise yeast cells and cattle manure. The yeast cells of the invention have an enhanced ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, decompose phosphorus minerals and compounds, decompose potassium minerals and compounds, decompose complex carbon compounds, overproduce growth factors, overproduce ATP, decompose undesirable chemicals, suppress growth of pathogenic microorganisms, or reduce undesirable odor. The biological fertilizer composition of the invention can replace mineral fertilizers in supplying nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to crop plants. Methods of manufacturing biological fertilizer compositions, and methods of uses are also encompassed.

A method of preparing pentafluoroethane wherein chlorine-containing carbon compounds are fluorinated in the presence of chromium catalysts that are in an amorphous state and wherein the main component is chromium compounds with the addition of at least one metal element selected from the group composed of indium, gallium, cobalt, nickel, zinc and aluminum and the average valence of the chromium in said chromium compounds is not less than +3.5 but not more than +5.0. And said chromium catalysts and a preparation method thereof.A method of preparing pentafluoroethane wherein the total yield of chlorofluoroethane by-products can be decreased without significantly deteriorating the generation activity of the pentafluoroethane and compounds which can be recycled in the reaction system. And to provide catalysts for this fluorination and a preparation method thereof.

Disclosed are compositions comprising at least one iodocarbon compound and preferably at least one stabilization agent. These compositions are generally useful as refrigerants for heating and cooling, as blowing agents, as aerosol propellants, as solvent composition, and as fire extinguishing and suppressing agents.

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reforming converts carbonaceous compounds into a fuel for use in generating electrical power. Energy rich hydrocarbon fuels, such as coal, marine diesel, oils, and hydrocarbon wastes are employed as a feedstock for the ICP, which transforms the feedstock into a fuel that can be used by fuel cells and gas turbines for the production of electricity. The overall efficiency of an ICP-based electrical power system can be increased by providing partial oxidation within the reaction vessel. The partial oxidation conditions consume a small amount of the reformed fuel gas, thereby liberating sufficient thermal energy to reduce the electrical power requirements of the ICP to maintain desired reactor temperatures, and providing an increase in the overall net electrical power production. The integrated power production system can also adjust to meet an increased requirement for process heat and steam by balancing the effect of partial oxidation.

A method of treating a mixture of microorganisms with readily biodegradable carbon compounds (RBCs) in the form of one or more volatile fatty acids (VFAs), by first inducing the mixture microorganisms to release phosphorus and magnesium which is then tapped o as the mixture is thickened, to produce a phosphorus / magnesium-nch liquid and a phosphorus / magnesium-reduced treated mixture This treated mixture is placed in an anaerobic digester where ammonia is formed, but combines very little with phosphorus or magnesium Next the high-ammonia mixture is dewatered to produce an ammonia-rich liquid, which is combined with the phosphorus and magnesium-rich liquid and reacted to form struvite In one preferred embodiment, VFAs are formed in situ via an upstream unified fermentation and thickening (UFAT) process and added to the waste sidestream to strip phosphorus and magnesium found therein In another preferred embodiment a usable struvite product is harvested.

A powder comprises a mixture of up to 40 weight percent activated cokes and inert materials. In the mixture, at least one of the inert material components is matched in terms of its grain size distribution to the grain size distribution of the activated coke component so that in a gas medium at rest, the speed of vertical descent of the coarse grain of the inert material component is substantially equal to the speed of vertical descent of the coarse grain of the activated coke component.

The invention discloses a method for preparing graphene. The method comprises the following steps of: after heating a substrate loaded with a copper metal layer to a bulk phase melting point and above the bulk phase melting point of copper in the flowing anaerobic and anhydrous atmosphere, introducing a carbon-containing compound into a system to perform chemical vapor deposition to obtain the graphene on the surface of the copper metal layer after the deposition. According to the method, the graphene with various shapes is prepared by introducing inert gases under a liquid state copper catalyst. The method is easy and convenient to operate and high in quality of products, and can be used for large-scale production. The shapes of the graphene can be regulated and controlled by regulating a concentration ratio of the inert gases to carbon-containing substances and hydrogen.

The invention relates to a method for depositing a metal or hard ornament film on a plastic substrate. In the method, the metal or hard ornament film is prepared on the surface of a plastic substrate material by using a radio frequency magnetron sputtering technology, and good binding force exists between the prepared ornament film and the substrate. The plastic substrate material comprises ABS plastic (terpolymer of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) organic glass, PE (poly ethylene) plastics, PP (polypropylene) plastics and the like. The metal ornament film comprises chromium, nickel, titanium, aluminum, aurum, silver, iridium or alloys and the like, and the hard ornament film comprises metal nitrides, carbon compounds, oxides, diamonds and the like. The method has the advantages of simple operation, no pollution and low cost, and the prepared film is good in adhesive force.

The use of two transalkylation catalysts to react aromatic compounds of carbon number nine (and heavier carbon numbers) with benzene to form carbon number eight aromatics is disclosed. The two catalyst system preserves ethyl-group species on the heavier aromatics that would otherwise de-ethylate over most gas-phase transalkylation catalysts to form undesired ethane gas with benzene or toluene. Thus, by using a transalkylation step to save ethylbenzene, a greater yield of para-xylene or other carbon number eight aromatics may be achieved within an integrated complex. An apparatus and process for the two transalkylation catalyst system is disclosed with a liquid-phase unit and a gas-phase unit.

Apparatus and process for producing carbon black or carbon containing compounds by converting a carbon containing feedstock, comprising the following steps: generating a plasma gas with electrical energy, guiding the plasma gas through a venturi, whose diameter is narrowing in the direction of the plasma gas flow, guiding the plasma gas into a reaction area, in which under the prevailing flow conditions generated by aerodynamic and electromagnetic forces, no significant recirculation of feedstock into the plasma gas in the reaction area recovering the reaction products from the reaction area and separating carbon black or carbon containing compounds from the other reaction products.

An electron-emitting device having favorable electron emitting characteristic stable for a long time, which is manufactured by a method comprising the steps of disposing an electrically conductive member having a second gap on a substrate, and applying a voltage to the electrically conductive member while irradiating at least the second gap with an electron beam from electron emitting means disposed apart from the electrically conductive member in an atmosphere comprising a carbon compound.