91 results about "Electrophoretic mobilities" patented technology

The invention provides an electrophoretic medium comprising at least two types of particles having substantially the same electrophoretic mobility but differing colors. The invention also provides article of manufacture comprising a layer of a solid electro-optic medium, a first adhesive layer on one surface of the electro-optic medium, a release sheet covering the first adhesive layer, and a second adhesive layer on an opposed second surface of the electro-optic medium.

The invention provides an electrophoretic medium comprising at least two types of particles having substantially the same electrophoretic mobility but differing colors. The invention also provides article of manufacture comprising a layer of a solid electro-optic medium, a first adhesive layer on one surface of the electro-optic medium, a release sheet covering the first adhesive layer, and a second adhesive layer on an opposed second surface of the electro-optic medium.

A multi-color electrophoretic medium contains first, second and third species of particles, the particles having substantially non-overlapping electrophoretic mobilities and bring of three different colors. The particles are dispersed in a fluid having a fourth color. A method for driving such a display is also described.

The present invention provides novel microfluidic devices and methods for performing pulsed field mobility shift assays in microfluidic devices. In particular the devices and methods of the invention utilize differences between electrophoretic mobilities (e.g., as between reactants and products, especially in non-fluorogenic reactions) in order to separate the species and thus analyze the reaction.

The invention provides an electrophoresis cassette, methods for making the electrophoresis cassette, and method of fractionating analytes from a sample based upon electrophoretic mobility in a single application of the sample to an electrophoretic system.

The present invention provides a microfluidic system for electrophoretic analysis of materials in the fields of chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, molecular biology and numerous other fields. Light absorbance signals are received by a photodetector from periodically spaced regions along a channel in the microfluidic system. The signals received by the photodetector are modulated by the movement of species bands through the channel under electrophoretic forces. By Fourier analysis, the velocity of each species band is determined, and identification of the species is made based on its electrophoretic mobility in the channel.

The present invention provides a novel class of fluorescent cyanine dye compounds that are modified at one of the hetercyclic ring nitrogen atoms with a mobility-modifying moiety that permits the electrophoretic mobilities of polynucleotides labeled with the mobility-modifying cyanine dyes to be adjusted or tuned in a predictable fashion while retaining enzymatic activity. The ability to predictably tune the relative electrophoretic mobilities of the dyes permits the creation of sets of mobility-matched fluorescent dyes of a variety of structures for a variety of applications, including fluorescence-based 4-color nucleic acid sequencing reactions.

A multi-color electrophoretic medium contains first, second and third species of particles, the particles having substantially non-overlapping electrophoretic mobilities and bring of three different colors. The particles are dispersed in a fluid having a fourth color. A method for driving such a display is also described.

An apparatus and method are disclosed for determining electrophoretic mobility using scattering light phase analysis comprising emitting a laser light along a path and transmitting a first portion of the laser light and reflecting a second portion of the laser light. The apparatus and method can also comprise deflecting one of the first and second portions of the laser in response to a drive signal, holding a sample to receive at least one of the first and second portions of the laser light under an electric field and output a composite light wave, outputting a photopulse signal based on the composite light wave, and measuring the electrophoretic mobility of the sample based on a phase shift analysis using cross-correlation of the photopulse signal with the drive signal.

A method and apparatus is disclosed for measurement of the electrophoretic mobility of particles and molecules in solution. A sample of particles is placed in a cell containing two electrodes that apply an alternating electric field. A monochromatic light beam passes through the sample. Light scattered by the particles, along with the unscattered beam, is collected and collimated as it exits the cell. This beam is combined in free space with a phase modulated reference beam. The interference forms a frequency modulated speckle pattern, which is detected by a photodetector array. Each array element collects a narrow range of well-defined scattering angles. The signal from each is demodulated to extract the optical phase information providing a first-principle measurement of the electrophoretic mobility of the scattering particles. Each detector element provides a simultaneous independent measurement. This inherent parallelism drastically increases the amount of information available in a given time. The resulting increased sensitivity extends the mobility measurement to particles below one nanometer, reduces the required concentration and electric field compared to previous methods. This minimizes damage to fragile samples, increases the electrode useful life, and reduces joule heating. Electrophoretic mobility is a critically important parameter for predicting the stability of nanoparticle suspensions and pharmaceutical formulations such as protein therapeutics. This invention enables reliable free-solution phase measurement of these samples.

Methods, compositions, kits, and a system are disclosed for detecting one or more analytes in a sample. A mixture comprising the (i) sample, (ii) a first binding reagent comprising a cleavage-inducing moiety and a first binding agent specific for an analyte, and (ii) one or more electrophoretic probes each having a second binding agent is subjected to conditions under which binding of respective binding agents occurs. The interaction between the binding agents and the analyte brings the cleavage-inducing moiety within a proximity effective for cleaving a cleavable linkage tethering an electrophoretic tag to the second binding agent, thereby releasing the tag for electrophoretic separation. Separation of different tags occurs by virtue of their distinct electrophoretic mobilities. After separation, a signal amplification moiety on each tag is activated to generate a signal to indicate the presence of a particular analyte in the sample.

An aqueous polishing composition has been found, the said aqueous polishing composition comprising (A) at least one type of abrasive particles which are positively charged when dispersed in an aqueous medium free from component (B) and having a pH in the range of from 3 to 9 as evidenced by the electrophoretic mobility; (B) at least one water-soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of linear and branched alkylene oxide homopolymers and copolymers; and (C) at least one anionic phosphate dispersing agent; and a process for polishing substrate materials for electrical, mechanical and optical devices making use of the aqueous polishing composition.

The invention provides an electrophoresis cassette, methods for making the electrophoresis cassette, and method of fractionating analytes from a sample based upon electrophoretic mobility in a single application of the sample to an electrophoretic system.

An aqueous polishing composition comprising (A) abrasive particles which are positively charged when dispersed in an aqueous medium having a pH in the range of from 3 to 9 as evidenced by the electrophoretic mobility; (B) water-soluble and water-dispersible hydroxy group containing components selected from (b1 ) aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, wherein the molar ratio of hydroxy groups to carboxylic acid groups is at least 1; (b2) esters and lactones of the hydroxycarboxylic acids (b1 ) having at least one hydroxy group; and (b3) mixtures thereof; and (C) water-soluble and water-dispersible polymer components selected from (c1 ) linear and branched alkylene oxide polymers; (c2) linear and branched, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic poly(N-vinylamide) polymers; and (c3) cationic polymeric flocculants having a weight average molecular weight of less than 100,000 Dalton.; and a process for polishing substrate materials for electrical, mechanical and optical devices.

An aqueous polishing composition comprising (A) abrasive particles which are positively charged when dispersed in an aqueous medium having a pH in the range of from 3 to 9 as evidenced by the electrophoretic mobility; (B) water-soluble and water-dispersible hydroxy group containing components selected from (b1) aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, wherein the molar ratio of hydroxy groups to carboxylic acid groups is at least 1; (b2) esters and lactones of the hydroxycarboxylic acids (b1) having at least one hydroxy group; and (b3) mixtures thereof; and (C) water-soluble and water-dispersible polymer components selected from (c1) linear and branched alkylene oxide polymers; (c2) linear and branched, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic poly(N-vinylamide) polymers; and (c3) cationic polymeric flocculents having a weight average molecular weight of less than 100,000 Dalton.; and a process for polishing substrate materials for electrical, mechanical and optical devices.

An electrophoretic cell and methods of switching an electrophoretic cell and moving charged species in an electrophoretic cell employ differential electrophoretic mobilities and a time-varying electric field. The methods include providing first and second charged species that are oppositely charged and have different mobilities. The method of switching further includes inducing a net motion of both of the charged species using the time-varying applied electric field. The induced net motion results in either the first charged species being moved toward the electrode and the second charged species remaining essentially motionless or both of the charged species being moved toward the same electrode. The electrophoretic cell includes the first and second charged species with opposite charge and different mobilities, and further includes the time-varying applied electric field that provides the net motion of the charged species.

Cup-shaped porous silica preforms suitable for manufacture of large 24-inch crucibles used in Czochralski crystal-growing furnaces are produced by a unique electrophoretic casting process using a high-purity aqueous silica slip or slurry having a predetermined particle-size distribution, an average particle size of from 6 to 10 microns and a solids content of from 80 to 85 percent by weight. The slurry contains an electrolyte, such as ammonium hydroxide, has a pH of from 7.5 to 8.5, and can be wet milled at a pH of at least 7 in such manner as to provide the micronized silica particles with excellent electrophoretic mobility, thereby providing a superb process for economical mass production of large pure silica preforms using safe voltages, such as 20 to 40 volts. The electrophoretic casting apparatus can be of the type shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and includes a permeable porous cup-shaped carbon-graphite mold (2) that serves as a positive anode and an internal reticulate or perforated cathode (3) of similar shape having a thin pervious cover means, such as the shroud 25, to prevent local dilution of the slurry at the cathode.

An apparatus and method are disclosed for determining electrophoretic mobility using scattering light phase analysis comprising emitting a laser light along a path and transmitting a first portion of the laser light and reflecting a second portion of the laser light. The apparatus and method can also comprise deflecting one of the first and second portions of the laser in response to a drive signal, holding a sample to receive at least one of the first and second portions of the laser light under an electric field and output a composite light wave, outputting a photopulse signal based on the composite light wave, and measuring the electrophoretic mobility of the sample based on a phase shift analysis using cross-correlation of the photopulse signal with the drive signal.

A resin emulsion with high electrophoretic mobility for cathode electrophoretic paint is prepared from the linear polyamine modified monocycle oxide, amine modified biphenolic epoxy resin, and full-enclosed polyisocyanate as cross-linking agent through proportionally mixing, chemically, reacting, neutralizing, with organic acid and dispersing in water. Its advantages are high electrophoretic coating productivity and high anticorrosion power.

The invention provides an electrophoresis cassette, methods for making the electrophoresis cassette, and method of fractionating analytes from a sample based upon electrophoretic mobility in a single application of the sample to an electrophoretic system.

An aqueous polishing composition having a pH of 3 to 11 and comprising (A) abrasive particles which are positively charged when dispersed in an aqueous medium free from component (B) and of a pH of 3 to 9 as evidenced by the electrophoretic mobility; (B) anionic phosphate dispersing agents; and (C) a polyhydric alcohol component selected from the group consisting of (c1) water-soluble and water-dispersible, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic, monomeric, dimeric and oligomeric polyols having at least 4 hydroxy groups; (c2) a mixture consisting of (c21) water-soluble and water-dispersible, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic polyols having at least 2 hydroxy groups; and (c22) water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers selected from linear and branched alkylene oxide homopolymers and copolymers (c221 ); and linear and branched, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic poly(N-vinylamide) homopolymers and copolymers (c222); and (c3) mixtures of (c1) and (c2); and a process for polishing substrates for electrical, mechanical and optical devices.

The present invention relates to cell separation using microfabricated devices. In particular, the present invention provides methods and devices for separation of sperm from biological materials, such as other cells and molecular species, in a cell mixture in a microfabricated device through the use of electroosmotic flow, electrophoretic mobility, pressure gradient, differential adhesion, and / or combinations thereof.

The invention relates to an operation mode of electrophoresis, which separates and / or fractionates particles of differentiated electrophoretic mobility. More specifically, the invention relates to isotachophoresis (ITP), including free-flow and capillary isotachophoresis, and provides novel electrophoresis methods, as well as kits and devices for carrying out such methods.

An aqueous polishing composition having a pH of 3 to 11 and comprising (A) abrasive particles which are positively charged when dispersed in an aqueous medium free from component (B) and of a pH of 3 to 9 as evidenced by the electrophoretic mobility; (B) anionic phosphate dispersing agents; and (C) a polyhydric alcohol component selected from the group consisting of (c1) water-soluble and water-dispersible, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic, monomeric, dimeric and oligomeric polyols having at least 4 hydroxy groups; (c2) a mixture consisting of (c21) water-soluble and water-dispersible, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic polyols having at least 2 hydroxy groups; and (c22) water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers selected from linear and branched alkylene oxide homopolymers and copolymers (c221); and linear and branched, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic poly(N-vinylamide) homopolymers and copolymers (c222); and (c3) mixtures of (c1) and (c2); and a process for polishing substrates for electrical, mechanical and optical devices.

A method and device are provided for concentrating and separating materials in fluids within a fluidic device having a fluid conduit such as a channel or capillary. The concentration is achieved by balancing the electrophoretic velocity of a material against the bulk flow of fluid in the presence of a temperature gradient. An additive is added to the fluid which interacts with the material and which modifies the normal electrophoretic mobility of the material. Using an appropriate fluid, the temperature gradient can generate a corresponding gradient in the electrophoretic velocity so that the electrophoretic and bulk velocities sum to zero at a unique position along the conduit and the material will be focused at that position. The method and device may be adapted for use with a variety of materials including fluorescent dyes, amino acids, proteins, DNA and to concentrate a dilute material.

An electrophoretic mobility measurement cell includes a container having a rectangular parallelepiped internal space for introducing a sample solution, two electrodes for applying an electric field to the internal space, tubular sample injection and extraction portions in communication with the internal space, first and second caps for covering the sample injection and extraction portions and sealing the internal space, the first cap has a first side surface contacting an inner side surface of the tubular sample injection portion, the inner side surface formed so that the cross-sectional area of the tube increases with distance from the internal space, and the area of the cross section of the first side surface decreases in the direction of insertion of the first cap. The cell and electrode portions are formed integrally, the electrode portions are made disposable together with the cell, and bubbles are unlikely to remain during injection of the sample solution.

An aqueous polishing composition has been found, the said aqueous polishing composition comprising (A) at least one type of abrasive particles which are positively charged when dispersed in an aqueous medium free from component (B) and having a pH in the range of from 3 to 9 as evidenced by the electrophoretic mobility; (B) at least one water-soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of linear and branched alkylene oxide homopolymers and copolymers; and (C) at least one anionic phosphate dispersing agent; and a process for polishing substrate materials for electrical, mechanical and optical devices making use of the aqueous polishing composition.

The invention discloses imidazole salt type cationic polyurethane and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) mixing 1mol of dibromoneopentyl glycol with 2mol of imidazole compound to react and obtain imidazole salt glycol; and 2) mixing 1-10mol of imidazole salt glycol, 1-10mol of long-chain glycol with the weight average molecular weight of 100-2000, 1.8-20mol of diisocyanate, tetrahydrofuran and 2-3 drops of catalyst to react in the atmosphere of nitrogen and obtain the cationic polyurethane, wherein the molecular structure of the imidazole salt type cationic polyurethane is AxByCz, A is imidazole salt glycol, B is diisocyanate, C is long-chain glycol; and (x+z) / y=1.0-1.1; and the ratio of x to z is 0.1-10.0. In the preparation method of the invention, the charged functional groups of glycol are expanded, imidazole salt glycol ionic liquid is introduced and the imidazole salt type cationic polyurethane is prepared; and the electrophoretic mobility can not be damaged by acid or base. Cationic polyurethanes with unequal electric charges can be prepared by adjusting the proportion of imidazole salt glycol; and the cationic polyurethane can be coated on elements through electrostatic adsorption, thus better protecting and stabilizing the base material.

In a method for controlling sample introduction in microcolumn separation techniques, more particularly in capillary electrophoresis (CE), where a sample is injected as a sample plug into a sampling device which comprises at least a channel for the electrolyte buffer and a supply and drain channel for the sample. The supply and drain channels discharge into the electrolyte channel at respective supply and drain ports. The distance between the supply port and the drain port geometrically defines a sample volume. The injection of the sample plug into the electrolyte channel is accomplished electrokinetically by applying an electric field across the supply and drain channels for a time at least long enough that the sample component having the lowest electrophoretic mobility is contained within the geometrically defined volume. The supply and drain channels each are inclined to the electrolyte channel. Means are provided for electrokinetically injecting the sample into the sample volume. The resistance to flow of the source and drain channels with respect to the electrolyte buffer is at least about 5% lower than the respective resistance to flow of the electrolyte channel.