560 results about "Energy balanced" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic micro-grid control, and particularly discloses a real-time coordination and control method of a photovoltaic micro-grid system. A central real-time optimal control layer and a local control layer are involved in the real-time coordination and control method. The central real-time optimal control layer collects the voltage and frequency of an AC bus of the photovoltaic micro-grid system, the charge state of a storage battery pack, the output power of photovoltaic power generation micro-sources, the output power of the storage battery pack, the output power of a super capacitor and the real-time power of a load in real time, generates a real-time coordination and control strategy and a secondary frequency modulation and scheduling plan, and issues the strategy and the plan to all local controllers. The local control layer coordinates and controls all the micro-sources in real time, and particularly achieves the scheduling plan issued by the central real-time optimal control layer. According to the real-time coordination and control method, a micro-grid central optimizing controller can manage, coordinate and control all the local controllers in a unified mode, the micro-grid can efficiently and economically run, the output power of the photovoltaic power generation unit is utilized to the maximum extent, the output power fluctuation and the tracking load change of the photovoltaic power generation unit are restrained, the running method of the micro-grid is reasonably adjusted, and energy balance is achieved.

An energy management system facilitates the transfer of high frequency energy coupled into an implanted lead at a selected RF frequency or frequency band, to an energy dissipating surface. This is accomplished by conductively coupling the implanted lead to the energy dissipating surface through an energy diversion circuit including one or more passive electronic network components whose impedance characteristics are at least partially tuned to the implanted lead's impedance characteristics.

A power schedule calculation method utilizes an idealized geometry to predict laser power levels on an additive path during laser deposition. The method calculates beam power for any point along the path traveled to form a build having a geometry. Each point along the path has associated with it an idealized geometry comprising a melt pool, hot zone and bulk portion. The method comprises creating a geometric description representing the geometry of the build during the process, creating a path description representing the path of the beam source through space during the process, calculating the idealized geometry for the point on the path based upon the geometric description and path description, calculating an energy balance at the melt pool for the point on the path, calculating total energy needed at the point on the path and calculating optimum beam source power. In the calculations, build temperature is based upon a calculation of hot zone temperature derived from the idealized geometry.

The invention discloses a method for achieving battery pack balance control and a battery pack charging method. The method for achieving battery pack balance control comprises the following steps: determining whether the voltages of all single batteries are in a set voltage range by a battery management chip or a singlechip, if so, measuring the magnitude of a charge current by a current detection resistor when the voltage of a single battery is larger than the balance voltage and the voltage difference between the battery and the battery with the lowest voltage is larger than a balance upper limit difference; setting corresponding balance current according to the magnitude of the charge current, and carrying out energy balance; stopping discharge of the battery when the voltage of the balanced battery is less than the balance voltage or the voltage difference between the balanced battery and the battery with the lowest voltage is lower than the balance lower limit difference. Under the centralized control of the chip or the singlechip, the method has the advantages of high reliability, flexible setting of various control parameters and wide application range.

The invention provides a cow feedstuff combination, in particular to a functional feedstuff combination to feed high production cow. The invention endows fatty acid with function of rumen passing by adding strong alkali week acid salt fatty acid salt, to act as energy supplement agent for cow; the combination is matched with other protein feedstuff, energy feedstuff, mineral, Vitamin and so on to acquire a fine mixture, which can meet the special requirement of such components as energy, protein, Vitamin and mineral and so on of cow, in particular to high production cow 100 days after delivery, and release the energy balance, improve the body condition, milk quality and anti-stress, and prevent the occurrence of nutrition metabolization diseases.

A wireless sensor network routing method based on energy equalization and distance cooperation relates to data fusion and routing technique of wireless sensor network, and is typically used for clustering routing technique. According to a given regulation, the sensor nodes in the wireless sensor network are divided to cluster head node, relay node and cluster member node. The energy consumption of whole wireless sensor network is fully equalized and the effective usage factor of energy is increased. An energy threshold LT is introduced for realizing the smooth transition of roles between nodes, saving the cluster generation time and reducing the energy consumption. Single-hop communication is adopted in the cluster. Direct sequence spread spectrum is applied. Each cluster uses a unique cluster spreading code. All nodes in the cluster use the unique cluster spreading code for transmitting data to the cluster head and the inter-cluster interference is effectively reduced. The method of the invention can obtain purpose of prolonging the survival time of network under the precondition that the information data is reliably, effectively and accurately transmitted to the base station.

A power frequency distribution predicting unit predicts the power frequency distribution of a vehicle in a case where the vehicle travels a route with reference to the history of the vehicle power Pv when the vehicle traveled the route in the past. An operation condition setting unit sets the range of the required vehicle power Pv0 to operate the engine as an engine operation condition for controlling the energy balance between generated power and generated electric power of an electric rotating machine in a case where the vehicle travels the route to be at a preset value according to the power frequency distribution predicted by the power frequency distribution predicting unit. An operation control unit controls the operation of the engine according to the range of the required vehicle power Pv0 to operate the engine set by the operation condition setting unit.

An electric power supply system includes a rectifier with an input connected to a power line and a DC output connected to a DC / DC converter. Two buffer capacitors are connected across the input and output, respectively, of the DC / DC converter. The output of the rectifier includes a plurality of diodes. An electronically controllable switch is electrically connected in parallel with a corresponding diode of the rectifier. A controller receives an input signal from a phase voltage of the power line and provides control signals to the controllable switches. The DC / DC converter is constructed symmetrically. This configuration results in a more cost-effective power supply system with an improved energy balance.

A nutrition and activity management system is disclosed that monitors energy expenditure of an individual through the use of a body-mounted sensing apparatus. The apparatus is particularly adapted for continuous wear. The system is also adaptable or applicable to measuring a number of other physiological parameters and reporting the same and derivations of such parameters. A weight management embodiment is directed to achieving an optimum or preselected energy balance between calories consumed and energy expended by the user. An adaptable computerized nutritional tracking system is utilized to obtain data regarding food consumed, Relevant and predictive feedback is provided to the user regarding the mutual effect of the user's energy expenditure, food consumption and other measured or derived or manually input physiological contextual parameters upon progress toward said goal.

A battery energy balance circuit and a battery charging bypass circuit is disclosed for batteries being charged at the same time to be charged equally. When the terminal voltages of the batteries are different, a controllable power device switch in the circuit switches on and off at a high frequency in order to reduce the input current to the batteries with higher terminal voltages and to increase the input current to the batteries with lower terminal voltages, achieving the goal of equal charging. The disclosed energy balance circuit can avoid damages to the batteries as a result of overcharging. When the number of batteries increases, one can expand the system in a modularized way to prevent inconvenience of circuit designs.

The invention provides a three-phase modulation multi-level converter energy balance control method which comprises the steps that 1, calculating each phase bridge arm loop current order values; 2, calculating average values of capacitance and voltage of each phase upper bridge arm sub module and average values of capacitance and voltage of each phase lower bridge arm sub module; 3, calculating each actual bridge arm loop current and modulation voltage for tracing bridge arm loop current order values; 4, calculating order values of each phase upper bridge arm voltage and order values of each lower bridge arm voltage; 5, calculating order values of each phase upper bridge arm input module number and order values of each phase lower bridge arm input module number; and 6, control sub modules of each phase upper bridge arm and each phase lower bridge arm to be input or cut off, according to order values of the upper bridge arm input module number, order values of the lower bridge arm input module number and bridge arm current direction obtained in the step 5. The three-phase modulation multi-level converter energy balance control method can guarantee internal energy balance control and simultaneously guarantees alternating current output characteristics.

The invention discloses a regional integrated energy system optimization control method. The method comprises the following steps: S1, optimizing a control objective function of the regional integrated energy system; The purposes of the lowest total operation cost and the highest reliability and system emission reduction rate of the regional comprehensive energy system are achieved, and the objective function is divided into an operation cost model, an environment cost model and a system reliability model; including S11, constructing an objective function based on an operation cost model; S12,constructing an objective function based on an environment cost model; S13, constructing an objective function based on the system reliability model; S2, analyzing optimization control constraint conditions of the regional comprehensive energy system; S21, energy balance constraint analysis; S22, performing energy balance constraint analysis; And S23, system operation constraint. The control method aims at achieving the purposes that the total operation cost of the system is lowest, and reliability and system emission reduction rate are highest.

A modular formulation of model predictive controller is proposed by this invention (400). The modular formulation offers a robust model predictive controller with unified method of tuning. Explicit use of material and energy balance provides stable and robust performance (412). Use of economic based tuning offers a unified tuning method (411). The unified tuning method establishes consistency of control actions resulting from the steady state optimization and the dynamic control (400). Further, a method for formulating and tuning integrated optimization and control using multiple modular model predictive controllers is presented in this invention (100). The method incorporates a direct and explicit method of integration of a number of modular model predictive controllers. The integration of the modular controllers is achieved seamlessly without requiring any further tuning adjustments (200). The resulting integrated system of multiple modular predictive controllers performs robustly, permitting each of the modular model predictive controllers to perform its role in the context of the state of operation of rest of the system. The proposed integration can be made to include lower level modular controllers or at same level controllers or both (300).

A modular formulation of model predictive controller is proposed by this invention (400). The modular formulation offers a robust model predictive controller with unified method of tuning. Explicit use of material and energy balance provides stable and robust performance (412). Use of economic based tuning offers a unified tuning method (411). The unified tuning method establishes consistency of control actions resulting from the steady state optimization and the dynamic control (400). Further, a method for formulating and tuning integrated optimization and control using multiple modular model predictive controllers is presented in this invention (100). The method incorporates a direct and explicit method of integration of a number of modular model predictive controllers. The integration of the modular controllers is achieved seamlessly without requiring any further tuning adjustments (200). The resulting integrated system of multiple modular predictive controllers performs robustly, permitting each of the modular model predictive controllers to perform its role in the context of the state of operation of rest of the system. The proposed integration can be made to include lower level modular controllers or at same level controllers or both (300).

An energy-regulating system for a vehicle, suitable for use in a mass transportation system between a departure station and an arrival station along a predetermined route, has advantageously a high-power electrical storage device placed on board the vehicle, supplying power to the vehicle, at least during acceleration. The energy recovered during braking of the vehicle is stored in the storage device. At least the departure station includes an electrical charging area capable of charging the storage device of the vehicle and activated in a charging mode as soon as the residual energy of the storage device of the vehicle is below a variable threshold dependent on an early estimate of the energy balance of the vehicle at least up to the arrival station.

The invention relates to a method for simulating oil solute transport in a laboratory. The method comprises the following devices: a soil pillar fixing ring, an overflow groove, a universal quick connector, an argil plate, a permeable filter membrane, a universal adjusting pin, a sampling bottle, an air exhaust tube, a branch head, a buffer bottle, an adjustable negative-pressure pump, a data acquisition controller, a signal cable, a sampling bottle, a soil solution sampler, a transparent PVC (polyvinyl chloride) soil pillar and a soil three-parameter sensor. By controlling the change of soil water potential in the soil pillar and promoting the soil solute transport, the method realizes quick observation on the process of the soil solute transport, provides a parameter optimization means for establishing a soil solute transport model, shortens the test period, improves the test precision, ensures more scientific and reliable study results, and provides a test calibration tool for experimental study on liquidity of soil water, energy balance, migration of soil pollutants and the like.

The invention relates to a fractional-bunch energy balance route defining method for a binary-tree-based wireless sensor network. The method adopts a binary-tree structure in a data structure and the backward sequence traverse of the binary-tree structure, and combines the energy balance mechanism of a sensing-network nodal point to provide the route defining method. During the fractional-bunch network-organized procedure of a wireless sensing network, the energy consumption of the nodal points of the integral wireless sensor network is effectively reduced and balanced, and the existence period of the integral network is prolonged. In the route building stage, according to the energy balance mechanism and the previous circumstance of the nodal point, the probability that the nodal point which has a bigger surplus energy and a less elected times becomes a bunch head is greatly increased, in the T D M A time interval distribution, when a multi-jump communication is made inside the bunch, the member nodal points successively join the bunch head according to the signal intensity, the bunch head builds the binary-tree according to the sequence of the arriving time, and distributes the operation time interval for every nodal point according to the backward sequence traverse of the binary-tree, the minimum communication distance is realized, the energy consumption of the nodal points which have a relevant long distance to the bunch head is effectively reduced. The method of the invention is simpler, and is easy to be realized, thereby being suitable for various application occasions for the wireless sensor network with data as the center.

A system and process / method of modeling demand-response (DR) and distributed-energy resource (DER) assets is provided, facilitating the aggregation of said assets in virtual power plants (VPPs), and using VPPs to provide energy balancing services needed to minimize the impact of Variable Energy Resources (VER) on power system. The method accurately accounts for assets by qualifying assets based on various parameters and by forecasting the capabilities of the resulting VPPs for provision of balancing services. Asset performance factors that may affect the aggregated VPP's capabilities are monitored and recalculated when necessary. Near-term forecasted VPP capability is compared to near-term forecasted imbalances in the electric-power-supply system, and the VPP is dispatched to minimize the system imbalances. The dispatch signal is disaggregated to control commands to individual assets. This process provides a reliable and cost effective approach to support higher penetrations of renewable generation in the electric power system.

The present invention provides a low cost energy monitoring and accounting system for conservation and management of both electrical and mechanical energy. The energy balance established by the energy monitoring system clearly brings out the losses and wastes as well as abnormalities in energy consumption at different sections of the industry paving the way for effective energy management.

The invention discloses a photovoltaic direct-current micro-grid energy coordination control method. According to the control method, a master-slave parallel method and a direct-current bus voltage droop method are combined; in a grid connection mode, the master-slave parallel method is adopted, and a large-scale grid interface circuit maintains energy balance in a micro-grid and stabilizes direct-current bus voltage in the micro-grid; in an island mode, the direct-current bus voltage droop method is adopted for control, an interface circuit adjusts running modes of a photovoltaic array and an accumulator battery aiming for different states of the direct-current bus voltage. Therefore, effective control on output current is realized, energy balance of the micro-grid is maintained so as to ensure the direct-current bus voltage to be stabilized in a constant-voltage state, equal-current output of a system is realized, the direct-current micro-grid and the large-scale grid are combined organically, an energy supply system and a load are enabled to be well matched, reliable running of the system is guaranteed, energy loss can be effectively reduced, and energy consumption is reduced.

The invention provides a method and device for controlling the energy balance between bridge arms of a modularized multi-level converter and relates to the field of control over the energy balance between the bridge arms of modularized multi-level converters. The method and device for controlling the energy balance between the bridge arms of the modularized multi-level converter solve the problem that energy imbalance between the bridge arms of the modularized multi-level converter causes unstable operation of the modularized multi-level converter. According to the method for controlling the energy balance between the bridge arms of the modularized multi-level converter, an alternating-current component is added to a bridge arm circulation, so that a channel of energy exchange between the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm is formed, and on the premise that the alternating-current output voltage of the modularized multi-level converter is not influenced, energy balance of the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm is controlled through the control over the component of the alternating-current circulation. According to the device for controlling the energy balance between the bridge arms of the modularized multi-level converter, an inner-ring controller composed of a standard proportional resonance adjuster is adopted, and both the stability and the reliability of the modularized multi-level converter are improved by over 5% through the control over the energy imbalance of the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm. The method and device are suitable for controlling the energy balance between the bridge arms of the modularized multi-level converter.

An online monitoring method and device for a fossil fuel converter apparatus. The method monitors fuel compositions in real time by measuring operating data of the converter apparatus and comprises the following steps: determining reactant compositions and number of variables thereof; determining fuel compositions and number of variables thereof; determining compositions of incomplete products and number of variables thereof; determining relationship between the fuel compositions and calorific value; establishing an equation set involving the fuel compositions, the reactant compositions and the resultants compositions, according to energy balance relationship and material balance relationship in the combustion process; providing given conditions for independent relationships concerning variables in the above equation set; measuring boiler operating data and assigning the variables in the above equation set; and finding the solution to the equation set and obtaining real-time monitoring data of the converter apparatus.

The invention relates to a control method of a high reliability fuel cell car power system. The method includes: a direct current / direct current (DC / DC) converter is arranged between a fuel cell and a motor controller, and the DC / DC converter is connected with a vehicle controller through a controller area network (CAN) line. The method specifically includes: an energy management control sub-method, a cold start control sub-method, a fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant processing sub-method and a hydrogen and electrical safety control sub-method. Compared with the prior art, through coordination control of the fuel cell car power system, the control method of the high reliability fuel cell car power system achieves energy balance of a fuel cell and a storage battery while meeting vehicle energy demands, reduces energy consumption, prolongs service life of the power system, and simultaneously has functions of cold start coordination, fault diagnosis, fault-tolerance processing, hydrogen, high tension electricity safety protection control and the like.

The invention discloses a multi-source coordination control method for a direct-current microgrid. The method is applied to the direct-current microgrid including N distributive power generating units and M energy storing units. The method comprises steps as follows: the M energy storing units perform droop control in accordance with the droop control relation; each of the N distributive power generating units adopts the local measured direct-current bus voltage and the average, shown in the specification, of output current per-unit values of the M energy storing units obtained from adjacent units directly connected with the distributive power generating unit as switching judging conditions for a control mode, so that multi-source coordination control over the N distributive power generating units and M energy storing units is realized; the average of the output current per-unit values of the M energy storing units obtained through a current observer on the basis of a consistency algorithm by the tth energy storing unit is shown in the specification. With the adoption of the method, on the premise that renewable energy sources are used to the greatest extent and energy balance in a direct-current microgrid system is maintained, large-range fluctuation of the voltage of a direct-current bus is effectively reduced, and the quality of system electric energy is improved.

The invention provides a method for enterprise energy management. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring energy consumption data from all energy consumption measuring points in a real-time manner; sending the energy consumption data to a database server for saving; carrying out calculation to automatically generate an energy balance sheet / energy balance diagram, an audit statement and an energy management performance sheet; exporting and sending the energy balance sheet / energy balance diagram, the audit statement and the energy management performance sheet to a manager, wherein the manager takes corresponding treatment measures according to information in the energy balance sheet / energy balance diagram, the audit statement and the energy management performance sheet. The method further comprises the following steps: judging whether the energy consumption data are larger than a preset energy consumption threshold value or not, wherein if the energy consumption data are larger than the preset energy consumption threshold value, the next step is executed, and if the energy consumption data are not larger than the preset energy consumption threshold value, the judgment in the step is continued; issuing an early warning of excessive energy consumption to the manager in the form of a short messaging service or an email. The invention further relates to a device for realizing the enterprise energy management method. The method and the device have the benefits of an energy balance function, an energy audit function and an energy performance function.

A power-conversion regulator comprising an inductive reactor, an output filter reactor, and a switch for admitting energy to the inductive reactor, additionally comprises computation circuitry responsive to the flux in the inductive reactor, to a reference signal, to an output voltage, and sometimes to an output load current, for computing the quantity of energy that must be supplied to a load and to the output filter reactor to regulate the output voltage or current to a desired relationship with the reference signal during each chopping waveform cycle driving the switch. As the inductive reactor is charged from an input energy source, the computation circuitry predicts whether the energy in the inductive reactor has become adequate for the regulation.

The invention belongs to the technical field of a wireless sensor network protocol, which concretely relates to an energy efficiency opportunity routing protocol in a wireless sensor network. The invention modifies the traditional opportunity routing aiming at the property that the energy of the sensor network can not be regenerated, adjusts the priority level of standby forwarding nodes in the opportunity routing according to the residual energy of the forwarding nodes, reduces the priority level of nodes with lower residual energy, and enhances the priority level of transfer nodes with higher residual energy. By the adjustment of the sequence of the priority level of the forwarding nodes, the probability that the nodes with lower residual energy undertakes an actual forwarding task is reduced, so that the energy consumption of the forwarding nodes is slowed down; contrarily, the nodes with higher residual energy has larger probability to undertake the forwarding task. By applying the mechanism, the data forwarding task carries out dynamic adjustment according to the quantity of the residual energy of the nodes, so that the purpose of energy balance in the whole network is achieved.

The invention provides a moonlet sun array life forecast method based on I-V curve and energy balance. Aiming at the problems that the existing moonlet sun array life forecast method has few damage regularity space environment influencing factors, is limited in life forecast of unit cells to the large extent, cannot forecast the whole life of a sun array, and the like, the moonlet sun array life forecast method is based on space environment simulation tests, and a sun array integral life forecast module is provided taking important space environment factor influence including sun and earth distance factors, track earth shadow time, included angles of sun rays and sun array normals, temperature and sun radiation into account, further the problem of generality of life forecast taking the sun array important life influence factors into account and sun array integral life forecasting suitable for different bathes and different types is solved. The I-V curve is a current and voltage curve of a solar unit cell. The moonlet sun array life forecast method is based on tests, and has good model generality and strong engineering practical applicability.

The invention concerns a method for desalting water by reverse osmosis, in particular for desalting sea water, whereby salt water at a first pressure level is introduced into a pressure compensating device, and is conveyed from the pressure-compensating device at a second, higher pressure level into a membrane module, whereby desalted water and concentrated salt water are discharged from the membrane module. In order to increase the efficiency and consequently the energy balance of such a method, the invention proposes to continuously introduce the concentrated salt water, which has been discharged from the membrane module, at a second pressure level into the pressure-compensating device, wherein it is used to subject the salt water introduced into the pressure compensating device to the second pressure level, and to discharge the salt water and convey it to the membrane module. The invention also concerns a device for implementing this method.