42 results about "Food conversion" patented technology

The present invention discloses a technique for making sturgeon fry open mouth and making food-conversion breeding. Said technique is characterized by that according to the different stages of fry growth it can respectively use earthworm segment, whole earthworm and food to raise the sturgeon fry. Said invention also provides the concrete steps of said technique.

The invention is applicable to the technical field of computers and provides a method and a system for suggesting and managing exercise and diet by a mobile terminal. The method comprises the following steps: exercise data of a user are acquired, and heat consumed by exercise is obtained; spectral data of current food are acquired, and information of the current food is detected according to the spectral data; food conversion is carried out on the heat consumed by the exercise according to the food information, and a conversion result matched with the current food is outputted. A conversion relation between the heat consumed by the exercise and the current food is given timely for being selected by the user. The user can be helped to reasonably control the diet, the method is in line with the operation habit of the current user, and better experience is provided for the user.

Provided is a traditional Chinese medicine additive taming food conversion method for adult channel catfish. According to the traditional Chinese medicine additive taming food conversion method for the adult channel catfish, a pond meeting the requirements that water is clear, the depth ranges from 2.0m to 2.5m, and the pH value ranges from 7.0 to 8.5 is selected, and taming food conversion feed is put into the pond, wherein the taming food conversion feed comprises, by weight, 10-12 parts of fresh or frozen wild trash fishes, 8-10 parts of animal livers, 2-3 parts of humulus lupulus, 3-5 parts of tea saponin, 2-3 parts of fructus cnidii, 3-4 parts of ulmus macrocarpa hance and 1-2 parts of golden larch bark. The weight of the taming food conversion feed which is put into the pond and is fed to the adult channel catfish is 1-4% that of the adult channel catfish. The survival rate of the fry is increased by about 11%, the amount of pest and disease damage is reduced by 9%, the feed conversion ratio is reduced by 9%, and the per mu yield is increased by 16%. Therefore, traditional feed growth promotion agents can be completely replaced by the additive formula, the using effect is remarkable, the side effect does not exist, and higher economic benefit is created for farmers.

The invention discloses a cage culture method of takifugu rubripes. In the cage culture process of the takifugu rubripes, fasting of one day and feeding of continuous six days is a cycle and feeding two times per day to satiation during the feeding period, so that the labor is saved, thereby reducing the investment of labor cost. The food conversion ratio of the takifugu rubripes is high with refeeding after starvation. Compared with the fish pond with regular feed, the bait investment is reduced, and the growth speed is faster than that of the single body with continuous feed per day.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing an additive as a food supplement based on algae for birds and animals. It also describes the food additive obtained, formulated with seaweed extract, whey, malto-dextrin, proteins, amino acids, minerals, fiber, fat, hormones, and has a final powder form. In addition, the use of the food additive to increase the weight gain in animals, the weight gain in eggs of birds, and for the production of meat in birds and animals is described.

The invention relates to the technical field of veterinary traditional Chinese medicine, in particular to a traditional Chinese medicine for preventing contagious diseases of swine. The traditional Chinese medicine comprises the following raw material medicines in part by weight: 5 parts of reed rhizome, 8 parts of baical skullcap root, 3 parts of atractylis ovata, 15 parts of mung beans, 30 parts of radix isatidis, 10 parts of Chinese yam, 2 parts of peach kernels, 6 parts of rhubarb, 8 parts of evodia rutaecarpa, 12 parts of flower bud of lily magnolia, 15 parts of burdock, and 8 parts of notopterygium root. The traditional Chinese medicine provided by the invention has a remarkable effect for preventing contagious diseases of swine, has no any toxic or side effects, has no obvious side effects on food intake of pigs, has a positive effect on food conversion ratio, is low in dose and cost, and facilitates the increase of income of pig breeders.

The invention relates to a larval micropterus salmoides food conversion domestication method. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) selecting and setting a domesticationpool; 2) preparing before stocking; 3) putting fries; 4) food conversion domestication, specifically, I, feeding live freshwater rotifers; II, after 1-3 days, mixing frozen rotifers with water for feeding; III, after 1-2 days, carrying out feeding through mixed feed, wherein the mixed feed is obtained by mixing the frozen rotifers with water and artificial compound granular baits according to themass ratio into paste, and sequentially reducing the number of the frozen rotifers according to the proportion of 1: 1, 0.75: 1 and 0.5: 1 until the frozen rotifers are completely replaced by the artificial compound granular baits; and IV, after 1-2 days, carrying out feeding for 1-2 days through the artificial compound granular baits; 5) daily management; and (6) putting fries into a pond, namely transferring the successfully-fed micropterus salmoides fries to an outdoor soil pond for culture, wherein the culture baits are all artificial compound granular baits. According to the method, through continuously adjusting the proportion of the mixed feed for food conversion domestication, the larval micropterus salmoides fries are induced to be fed with the artificial compound granular baitsin an initial stage, the feeding cost is reduced, and the survival rate in the domestication and food conversion process is increased.

The invention relates to an artificial impregnation, incubation and domestication method of Sinocyclocheilus tingi, belonging to the technical field of fish product cultivation. The method adopts wet process impregnation and comprises the following steps: placing a palm sheet to which germ cells are clung in 50ppm Saprolegnia Ling aqueous solution for sterilizing for 20min, taking out and suspending the palm sheet in an incubation pool with the area of 20m<2> for incubation; performing oxygenation by an oxygen pump, wherein the water temperature is 18-20 DEG C, the pH value is 7.5-8.0m, and the dissolved oxygen concentration in water is 6.5-8.0mg / L; sterilizing once every 24h by the same method, continuing to sterilize for 3 days, and finishing incubation by spending 144h; and retaining the domestication water level to be 1.0-1.2m, the water temperature to be 16-21 DEG C and the dissolved oxygen concentration in water to be 6.5-8.0mg / L, covering 2 / 3 of a pool surface by a shading mesh for shading, using a 40-mesh screen window mesh to intercept and prevent escaping, feeding aquatic insects and Tubificidae in the first 7 days, feeding powdered fodder which is doped with 10% of fish meal and has higher protein content for 15 days in a food conversion period, and feeding particle bait in which the crude protein content is 34% in a formative period. The invention has the advantages of low cost, simple and convenient operation, favorable growth of the Sinocyclocheilus tingi, high survival rate more than 95%, and capability of being used in large-scaled production.

The invention discloses lymantria dispar linnaeus CYP6AN15v1 gene dsRNA and application thereof in nuisanceless control. The dsRNA sequence is shown by SEQ ID NO.3, and can be applied to regulation and control of the growth and development of lymantria dispar linnaeus or improvement of the sensitivity of the lymantria dispar linnaeus to an organic phosphorus insecticide. An experimental result shows that the weight increasing amount in a CYP6AN15v1 gene silenced lymantria dispar linnaeus larva 8d is smaller than contrast ddH2O but higher than that of GFP, and the weight increasing amounts of 1-6ds are smaller than that of GFPdsRNA and that of a ddH2O treatment group, so that the nutritional utilization index of the lymantria dispar Linnaeus is significantly influenced, and the food conversion rate and food utilization rate are significantly smaller than those of a contrast (P is less than 0.05); the dsRNA can efficiently and specifically silence the expression of mRNA of the CYP6AN15v1 gene in the body of lymantria dispar Linnaeus; and the sensitivity of the lymantria dispar linnaeus larva to the organic phosphorus insecticide is significantly improved.

The invention discloses a pond high-yield culture method for pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The method mainly comprises: (1) selecting a pond; (2) disinfecting the pond; (3) breeding natural bait; (4) stocking berried freshwater shrimps; (5) planting aquatic plants; (6) stocking rationally; (7) performing feeding management; (8) performing water quality management; (9) controlling and preventing diseases. The method is the first to successfully break through key of the pond high-yield culture technology for pelteobagrus fulvidraco in China, and on fry breeding, adult fish culturing, and bait feeding, and other aspects, natural bait cultivation and artificial compound bait domestication food conversion are creatively performed and are successful. The method fills a domestic gap in pelteobagrus fulvidraco pond high-yield cultivation, and creates a most effective practical measure and means for recovering famous and special fish resources, and has great social and economic benefit.

The invention discloses a coregonus peled fry breeding method. The water source employs spring; the water temperature is 10 to 16 DEG C; the dissolved oxygen is over 7mg / L; the pH value is 6.5 to 7.5; and the water flow speed can be adjusted in a range from 0.4 to 1.5 m / s. An area occupied by a fry breeding pool is 20 to 23 m<2> and the water depth is 50 to 80 cm; and an area occupied by a plankton breeding pool is 155 to 165 m<2> and the water depth is 80 to 120 cm. The method comprises: the fry breeding pool and the plankton breeding pool are sterilized by potassium permanganate and then larval stage feed is cultivated in the plankton breeding pool; coregonus peled spray sterilized by a povidone-iodine solution is put into the fry breeding pool and breeding is carried out by slow flowing water; larval stage feed with the 20% of total weight is fed each day and feeding is carried out at least seven days; and then breeding is carried out continuously at a food conversion breeding state. With the method, the coregonus peled spray is bred; and the cost is low, the survival rate is high, and the growth speed is fast.

The invention discloses a bee raising method with a high bee food conversion ratio. The bee raising method comprises the following steps: (1) larval stage: making larvae eat royal jelly in the first 3-5 days, and making the larvae eat the royal jelly under the complementation of bee food after 5 days, wherein the edible amount of the bee food per bee is 0.5-1 G; and (2) adult stage: eating the beefood, wherein the edible amount of the bee food per bee is 3-5 g, and the bee food comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of composite bacterial powder, 20-30 parts of white sugar, 20-30 parts of honeysuckle pollen, 20-25 parts of rape pollen, 30-40 parts of soybean meal, 5-8 parts of protein powder, 3-5 parts of composite powder, 3-5 parts of magnesium sulfate and 1-2parts of barley powder. According to the bee raising method, the bee food is supplied to bees at different stages according to different conditions, so that demands of the bees at different stages for different nutrient components are met, and the favorable development of the bees is guaranteed; and the composite bacterial powder is added into the bee food, so that the digestive ability of the bees is improved to a great extent, furthermore, the bee food can be favorably digested and absorbed by the bees, and the absorption rate is high.

The invention discloses an industrial culture method for a turbot, which is characterized by adopting a way of stopping feeding for one day and continuously feeding for six days or continuously stopping feeding for two days and continuously feeding for five days as a cycle to repeatedly circulate in the process of carrying out indoor cement pool running water culture on the turbot, the turbot is fed twice every day till satiation in the feeding period, and the labour force can be saved, thereby reducing the investment of manpower cost; the turbot is recovered to be fed after hunger, and the food conversion ratio is high; compared with a normally feeding fish pond, the invention can reduce bait investment, and the growing speed is higher than an individual which is continuously fed every day.

The invention discloses a residual bait collecting method and equipment for net cage culture. The residual bait collecting method comprises three steps of equipment placement, residual bait collection and sample detection. A first-grade tunnel assembly is fixed on a second-grade tunnel assembly via a semi-circled concave-convex quick-assembling-disassembling buckle; a stay rope fixed on the second-grade tunnel assembly passes through a maze-type rope guide clip and then the residual bait collecting equipment for the net cage culture is placed in a proper position; then the stay rope is stably upwardly lifted; the residual baits settled on the bottom layer of the second-grade tunnel assembly are remained in a cavity and cannot be affected by water currents; then a clamp hoop is opened and a tapered flange filtration barrel is disassembled, so an extracted sample can be analyzed and researched. The invention further discloses residual bait collecting equipment for net cage culture. The residual bait collecting equipment comprises the first-grade tunnel assembly, the semi-circled concave-convex quick-assembling-disassembling buckle, the second-grade tunnel assembly and the tapered flange filtration barrel. The residual bait collecting equipment is advantaged by simple structure, high efficient use, quick assembling and disassembling, entire collection and convenient cleaning; fish ingestion and food conversion and fish growth rules can be researched and fish living environment can be improved; pollution to the environment can be reduced; important theoretical and practical foundation is laid for future culture schemes; and the equipment is especially suitable for residual bait collection during net cage culture.

The invention relates to a method for improving the survival rate of young abalones during the food conversion period. The method is characterized in that while young abalones are fertilized, a palatable bait on tetrapod bricks is cultivated in a pond which is used for cultivating the young abalones in future, the pond is covered with a sunshade net, and the illumination intensity is controlled at 3,000-5,000lux; after the dirt on the surface of the tetrapod bricks is completely removed, the tetrapod bricks are imbricately arrayed in the pond, filtrated seawater is added to the pond to 45-55cm in depth, the selected mixed unicellular algae species are inoculated and separated, slightly aerated, cultivated in still water for 12-24h and moderately added with more air; the algae on the tetrapod bricks is cultivated in long running water by adopting the conventional condition that an abalone algae bait is cultivated by a plastic film; one month later, the young stripping abalones are put into the pond, meanwhile, artificial baits such as the abalone bait, minced gracilaria, kelp, and the like, are fed and feeding amount of the artificial baits are gradually increased. The method for improving the survival rate of the young abalones has the advantages that the survival rate of the young abalones is greatly improved as the food conversion time is prolonged from 1 day to 1 week, the operation method is simple and the effect is obvious.

The present invention relates to means and methods for enhancing intestinal function in poultry, leading to an increase in food conversion ratio and in total weight gain. Particularly, the present invention relates to insulin-containing feed formulations enhancing intestinal function and weight gain in poultry.

The invention discloses a preparation for novel antibiotic substitute and a preparing art and mainly relates to the agricultural biotechnology and feed additive field. The preparation includes montmorillonite gel, sodium metasilicate, carbonate, reducing sugar, sodium selenite and rice bran. Adopting the solid aerobic biological fermentation, the preparation has simple art and fine stability. The preparation can improve animal healthy level and the resistance ability and anti-stress capability for pathogeny microbial beings through enhancing animal nonspecific and specific immunity ability, so as to improve animals food consumption, daily gain and food conversion ratio, ensure animals producing performance under the no antibiotic condition, and avoid the generation of antibiotic remain and drug-resistant strain in the animals production. The preparation can play an important role in improving the stockbreeding sustainable development and enhancing human healthy level.

The invention relates to a food conversion method for improving the food conversion success rate of juvenile eleutheronema tetradactylum. Fresh and alive clam meet juice is made before food conversion feeding, feed is shaken and soaked in the fresh and alive clam meet juice, instant feeding is completed after the feed is soaked, food conversion artificial compound feed is completely fed on the eighth day after food conversion feeding, and food conversion is completed. According to the food conversion method, the clam meat juice is added into the food conversion feed, the good food calling effect on the juvenile eleutheronema tetradactylum is achieved, the food refusal stress of the juvenile eleutheronema tetradactylum on the food conversion feed is remarkably reduced at the initial stage of food conversion, and the obvious ingestion reaction can be generated.

The invention discloses a preparation method of feed for promoting growth of litopenaeus vannamei. The method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing meat and bone meal, blood worms, ampullaria gigas, shell powder, sorgo, fermented soybean meal, pregelatinized potato starch and seaweed meal, adding grapefruit juice and water to be uniformly mixed, steaming, filtering, drying, and grinding to obtain pretreated main ingredients; and adding peanut oil, olive oil, propylene glycol alginate, taurine, vitamin and mineral salt into the pretreated main ingredients to be uniformly stirred, adding modified whey protein in a stirred state, granulating, drying, thereby obtaining the feed for promoting growth of litopenaeus vannamei. The feed obtained according to the invention is comprehensive in nutrition, excellent in feeding attraction and high in food conversion rate and meets the requirements on various nutritional ingredients in the growth metaphase of the litopenaeus vannamei. Moreover, digestion of the litopenaeus vannamei can be effectively promoted, the disease immunity of the litopenaeus vannamei is enhanced, and the case fatality rate of the litopenaeus vannamei is low.

The invention discloses a coregouns peled seedling aquaculture food conversion method. A water source is spring water; the total hardness of the spring water expressed by the content of calcium carbonate in water is less than or equal to 350mg / L, the water temperature is 10-16 DEG C, the dissolved oxygen is 7.8-9.6mg / L, the pH value is 6.2-7.8, and the water flow rate is 0.8-1.5m / s; a fry aquaculture pond occupies 20-23m<2>, and the water depth is 50-70cm; in 7-10 days after the mouths of fries of the coregouns peled open, coregouns peled enters a food conversion stage, and the aquaculture steps are divided into 8 stages; the previous two stages generally last for 3 days, the third and the fourth stages generally last for 7 days, the fifth and the sixth stages generally last for 10 days, and then the fries enter the eighth stage; in the previous stages, the feeding quantity of a granular material is gradually increased, and plankton baits are gradually reduced; the sizes of the granules are gradually increased, and till the eighth stage, the coregouns peled are fully fed with the granular materia. According to the food conversion method, the coregouns peled with mouths open can go through the food conversion stage quickly to keep sufficient nutrition, and the growing rate is increased.

The invention discloses an apostichopus japonicus cultivating feed, as well as a preparation method and feeding method thereof. The apostichopus japonicus cultivating feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of sweet potato stem and vine powder, 40-45 parts of degummed kelp powder, 25-30 parts of gulfweed powder, 7-10 parts of degreased fish meal, 1-2 parts of shrimp bran, 1-2 parts of soybean enzymolysis protein, 0.2-0.5 part of complex vitamins, 0.2-0.5 part of complex mineral salt and 0.1-0.2 part of complex enzymes. The ingestion of apostichopus japonicus is effectively promoted, the growth rate of the apostichopus japonicus is substantially accelerated, the food conversion rate is increased, the bait coefficient is reduced, the production cost is substantially reduced, the breeding profit space is increased, and the high-efficient, healthy and sustainable development potential of apostichopus japonicus breeding as the pillar industry of Chinese seawater breeding is effectively developed.

The invention discloses a domestication and food conversion method for sturgeon fingerlings. The domestication and food conversion method includes steps of placing the just hatched sturgeon fingerlings in domestication ponds, keeping water circulated and timely treating dirt; feeding the sturgeon fingerlings with biological bait feed when the sturgeon fingerlings sink to bottoms and are gathered, keeping the water circulated and treating the dirt; feeding the sturgeon fingerlings with first mixed feed when sizes of the growing sturgeon fingerlings reach 2-3 cm, keeping the water circulated and treating the dirt; feeding the sturgeon fingerlings with second mixed feed after the sturgeon fingerlings are fed with the first mixed feed for 3-4 days, keeping the water circulated and treating the dirt; feeding the sturgeon fingerlings with third mixed feed after the sturgeon fingerlings are fed with the second mixed feed for 3-4 days, keeping the water circulated and treating the dirt; feeding the sturgeon fingerlings with sturgeon fingerling feed after the sturgeon fingerlings are fed with the third mixed feed for 6-8 days. The domestication and food conversion method has the advantages that the survival rate of the sturgeon fingerlings in domestication and food conversion procedures can be increased, the morbidity probability of the sturgeon fingerlings can be lowered, the rearing cost can be reduced, and growth and development of the sturgeon fingerlings can be promoted.

The invention discloses a feeding method of reducing nitrogen and phosphorus load of the lieopenaeus vannamei culture environment as follows: feeding and culturing the lieopenaeus vannamei in a periodic manner of a plurality of continuous periods including hungering for one day or a plurality of days, feeding for a plurality of days, hungering again for one day or a plurality of days and feeding again for a plurality of days. Compared with the prior method of day-by-day continuous feeding, the inventive feeding method can remarkably reduce nitrogen and phosphorus pollution caused by remain bait, dejecta and egesta during the culture on the basis of remaining the growth speed and the lieopenaeus vannamei nutritional ingredient, save the feed cost on account of the improved food conversion efficiency and save the labor cost because some days of the culture time are excluded from feeding time.

The invention discloses a cultivation method of Rana grylio. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: (1) completely eradicating consanguineous pairing of parent fogs, so as to avoid genetical characterization decline; (2) warming indoors for concentrated hugging and egging; (3) warming in green houses, and hatching with running water; (4) putting seedlings into pools for food conversion; (5) cultivating and breeding at high density in the middle period of tadpoles; (6) quickly transforming from the tadpoles; (7) cultivating small fogs at high density; (8) enabling the fogs to overwinter: deepening a water level, warming a water body, feeding as usual in winter, and effectively preventing the occurrence of diseases; and (9) quickly fattening the fogs without pollution before appearing on the market. The method can produce green and pollution-free Rana grylio, so that the pollution to the environment in the cultivation process is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.

The present invention relates to means and methods for enhancing intestinal function in poultry, leading to an increase in food conversion ratio and in total weight gain. Particularly, the present invention relates to insulin-containing feed formulations enhancing intestinal function and weight gain in poultry.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing an additive as a food supplement based on algae for birds and animals. It also describes the food additive obtained, formulated with seaweed extract, whey, malto-dextrin, proteins, amino acids, minerals, fiber, fat, hormones, and has a final powder form. In addition, the use of the food additive to increase the weight gain in animals, the weight gain in eggs of birds, and for the production of meat in birds and animals is described.

The invention discloses a coregouns peled seedling aquaculture food conversion method. A water source is spring water; the total hardness of the spring water expressed by the content of calcium carbonate in water is less than or equal to 350mg / L, the water temperature is 10-16 DEG C, the dissolved oxygen is 7.8-9.6mg / L, the pH value is 6.2-7.8, and the water flow rate is 0.8-1.5m / s; a fry aquaculture pond occupies 20-23m<2>, and the water depth is 50-70cm; in 7-10 days after the mouths of fries of the coregouns peled open, coregouns peled enters a food conversion stage, and the aquaculture steps are divided into 8 stages; the previous two stages generally last for 3 days, the third and the fourth stages generally last for 7 days, the fifth and the sixth stages generally last for 10 days, and then the fries enter the eighth stage; in the previous stages, the feeding quantity of a granular material is gradually increased, and plankton baits are gradually reduced; the sizes of the granules are gradually increased, and till the eighth stage, the coregouns peled are fully fed with the granular materia. According to the food conversion method, the coregouns peled with mouths open can go through the food conversion stage quickly to keep sufficient nutrition, and the growing rate is increased.

The invention discloses a preparation method of aquatic feed capable of improving the meat quality of crabs. The feed is prepared from 2-4 parts of gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide, 2-5 parts of pine needle meal, 0.1-0.4 part of organic selenium, 0.2-0.3 part of manganese sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of ferrous sulfate, 40-60 parts of corn flour and 1-2 parts of vegetable oil by mixing. The preparation method of the aquatic feed has the beneficial effects: the preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple and has easily-available raw materials; and the prepared feed can increase thephysical ability of the crabs, improve metabolism of the crabs, obviously enhance the disease resistance of the crabs, improve the meat quality of the crabs, improve the immunity of the crabs, enhancethe disease prevention ability of the crabs, improve the food conversion ratio and promote breeding benefits.

The invention provides a method for culturing takifugu obscurus fry in an earth pond. The method comprises the steps of pond preparation, water conserving, pond water disinfection, water diversion, water testing, fry releasing, fertilization, water addition and diversion and food conversion, wherein sodium humate is adopted in the step of pond water disinfection, and 1.2 kg of sodium humate is used per mu of earth; water diversion is conducted by using EM bacteria, and the use amount of the EM bacteria is 2-3 Kg / mu. According to the method for culturing the takifugu obscurus fry in the earth pond, it is not required that takifugu obscurus is cultured to be about 1 cm in a concrete pond and then put into a large pond for culture, the takifugu obscurus can be directly cultured in the earth pond, time and labor are saved, the cost is low, the culture method is simple and easy to understand, technical content requirements are low, and operation is convenient.

The invention discloses a coregonus peled fry breeding method. The water source employs spring; the water temperature is 10 to 16 DEG C; the dissolved oxygen is over 7mg / L; the pH value is 6.5 to 7.5; and the water flow speed can be adjusted in a range from 0.4 to 1.5 m / s. An area occupied by a fry breeding pool is 20 to 23 m<2> and the water depth is 50 to 80 cm; and an area occupied by a plankton breeding pool is 155 to 165 m<2> and the water depth is 80 to 120 cm. The method comprises: the fry breeding pool and the plankton breeding pool are sterilized by potassium permanganate and then larval stage feed is cultivated in the plankton breeding pool; coregonus peled spray sterilized by a povidone-iodine solution is put into the fry breeding pool and breeding is carried out by slow flowing water; larval stage feed with the 20% of total weight is fed each day and feeding is carried out at least seven days; and then breeding is carried out continuously at a food conversion breeding state. With the method, the coregonus peled spray is bred; and the cost is low, the survival rate is high, and the growth speed is fast.