The invention provides a graded propelling type efficient 
coal mining 
machine cutting device and method. The device comprises a 
machine body, a driving mechanism, a 
rocker arm, a posture adjustment 
hydraulic cylinder, a speed changing box, a leveling 
hydraulic cylinder and three rollers; a plurality of 
cutting teeth are uniformly distributed in the 
peripheral direction of the rollers; the sizes ofthe 
cutting teeth of the three rollers are gradually reduced and are distributed in an axial gradient; the driving mechanism is hinged to the 
machine body; the 
rocker arm is connected with the driving mechanism; the posture adjustment 
hydraulic cylinder is connected between the machine body and the driving mechanism; the speed changing box is hinged to the 
rocker arm; the leveling hydraulic cylinder is connected between the speed changing box and the rocker arm; the speed changing box is provided with three 
power output shafts which comprise a low-speed 
power output shaft, a middle-speed 
power output shaft and a high-speed power output shaft in sequence; the three rollers are fixedly arranged on the three power output shafts respectively. According to the graded propelling type efficientcoal mining machine cutting device and method, provided by the invention, graded propelling is realized by adopting the three rollers through different cutting teeth and rotary speeds, and cutting resistance, cutting 
tooth loss and 
energy consumption of a cutting motor are reduced; the sizes of 
cut coal blocks are uniform, and collapsing, rib spalling and chain clamping phenomena of large 
coal blocks are avoided; the subsequent coal block crushing working amount is reduced; the mining efficiency and conveying efficiency of coal are improved.