92 results about "Urban surface" patented technology

The invention discloses an external water interception and purification type urban river multi-element ecological embankment physical structural system. The urban river multi-element ecological embankment physical structural system comprises a first-class platform ecological embankment physical structural system, a second-class platform ecological embankment physical structural system and a slope ecological embankment physical structural system which are organically combined on a river bank slope, wherein the first-class platform ecological embankment physical structural system is provided with an urban surface source sewage runoff collecting groove, a groove type ecological concrete building block, a vertical first-class retaining wall and the like; the second-class platform ecological embankment physical structural system is provided with a sedimentation and purification tank, a current restriction baffle and the like; and the slope ecological embankment physical structural system is provided with a bedding, iconological concrete, a plant growth pad and the like. The urban river multi-element ecological embankment physical structural system effectively integrates water treatment functions such as rainfall surface source collection and purification, discharge port sewage interception and purification, physical absorption and filtration and plant absorption and purification on the premise that the stability and safety of bank slopes are maintained, ecological environments and landscapes of urban riparian zones are improved, and the self cleaning capacity of rivers is well played.

The invention provides a method for detecting the change of urban surface features in remote sensing image based on Siamese convolution network, the Siamese convolution network is a twin convolution neural network SCNN, Based on the data enhancement technique, the initial sample set is selected from the registered two-phase city images, the twin convolution neural network (SCNN) is set up, the twin convolution neural network (SCNN) is trained based on the initial sample set, and the initial sample set is expanded by the data enhancement technique. The twin convolution neural network (SCNN) istrained based on the expanded sample set, and the trained SCNN model is obtained to detect the change of urban terrain. The invention realizes the expansion of the sample through the data enhancementtechnology, and designs a Siamese convolution neural network, avoids the tedious steps of artificially designed features in the traditional change detection method, and realizes the end-to-end operation; Fully considering the spatial attributes of the image, the accuracy and reliability of the change detection are improved.

The invention provides a method and a system for inverting urban surface temperatures. The method comprises the steps of S1, obtaining the TM image data of a region to be tested, S2, preprocessing the TM image data, including atmospheric correction, geometric correction, image enhancement and image clipping, S3, converting the pixel gray level value of the thermal infrared band in the preprocessed TM image data into corresponding radiance, S4, obtaining corresponding a radiation brightness temperature according to the radiance, and S5, converting the radiation brightness temperature into the surface temperature by use of the emissivity of different surface features, wherein the TM image data are multi-band scanning image data obtained by use of an optical earth land satellite Landsat-5 thematic charting instrument TM. The method can be widely applied to monitoring the urban thermal environment, and has the advantages of low cost, high accuracy and wide application range.

The invention discloses an urban impervious layer information extraction method based on multi-source remote sensing data. The method comprises the following steps: calculating normalized light brightness and performing area type segmentation on the urban surface based on a threshold segmentation method according to a night light brightness image; constructing enhanced normalized impervious layer indexes by utilizing the light brightness, the land surface temperature and normalized soil regulation vegetation indexes; and performing extraction operation on the impervious layer by constructing a linear quantitative relation between the enhanced normalized impervious layer indexes MNDISI in each type segmentation area and the impervious layer rate. The advantages of the multi-source remote sensing data are well combined, an adverse effect of spectral confusion on an estimation result of the impervious layer rate is effectively inhibited, and a novel way is provided for urban land utilization and environmental change monitoring.

The invention provides a one-two-dimensional hydrodynamic coupling analysis method based on urban surface and underground pipe network, which comprises the following steps: establishing the urban pipenetwork model; the urban pipe network model comprises a runoff generation calculation model, a one-dimensional pipe network model and a two-dimensional coupling model; inputting surface water data and groundwater data, and establishing surface-subsurface connection relationship according to the surface water data and groundwater data; generating and optimizing grid elements; calculating surface runoff and drainage pipe network flow respectively; calculating the exchange water quantity of surface runoff and drainage pipe network flow; and in order to realize the hydrodynamic coupling of two-dimensional underground pipe network on the surface, checking the calculated exchange water quantity. The invention realizes coupling analysis and calculation of surface groundwater flow for urban rainstorm waterlogging.

The invention provides a one-two-dimensional hydrodynamic coupling method based on a spatial topology. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model comprising a one-dimensional river network model for simulating the flow of a river network and a water-crossing structure, and a one-dimensional pipe network model for simulating the flow of a city pipe network; constructing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model used for meshing the region within the compilation range and control line to be analyzed, interpolating the mesh according to the topography of the region, and assigning the mesh attributes; performing surface-to-surface two-dimensional model coupling for a river course and a surface according to the one-dimensional river network model andthe two-dimensional hydrodynamic model; according to the one-dimensional pipe network model and the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, performing one-two-dimensional model coupling for the urban surface and underground. The invention provides a perfect coupling mode, which is adapted to different flood coupling calculation requirements. Flexible one-two-dimensional coupled generalization model can well solve the generalization of streams and streets flood discharge.

The invention provides a two-dimensional numerical simulation method of urban surface runoff. After obtaining urban topography and geomorphology data, the triangular unstructured mesh is used to discrete the computational area of the urban area. The area where the building is located does not participate in dissection, and its contour line is used as the control line of mesh dissection. Each rainwater pipe of the building is connected with the ground through the confluence connecting edge. Firstly the method calculates the confluence area of each rainwater pipe, and then calculates the discharge process of each rainwater pipe. Two-dimensional Godunov model is used to simulate the rainwater outflow process. The rainfall in the surface grid element is treated as the source term in the model,and the rainwater outflow process is regarded as the flow boundary condition of the element corresponding to the connecting edge. The invention fully considers the characteristics of building confluence in the urban area, which can not only ensure the mass conservation characteristic of the whole urban area during flood calculation, but also consider the influence of the water flow momentum at the outlet of the rain pipe on the surface runoff, thus overcoming the shortcoming that the existing urban flood and waterlogging model can not consider the building confluence process, and improving the calculation accuracy.

The invention relates to an urban rainstorm waterlogging ponding depth extraction method. The method comprises the steps of establishing an urban terrain model, obtaining an urban depression ponding contribution area, establishing an urban rainfall model and an urban drainage model, obtaining the total surface runoff, establishing an urban surface ponding model and obtaining the ponding depth. Themethod has the advantages that the original digital elevation model is corrected, so that the real urban terrain can be reflected; A depression contribution area is used as a basic hydrological unit,so that the diffusion process of water flow on the surface of a complex city can be reflected more truly, and the simulation precision is improved; The evaporation and permeation of rainfall and thedrainage process of a sewer system are simplified, so that the model is easy to operate and quick in calculation to obtain accumulated water information.

The invention provides a multi-label pixel classification method applied to large-scale urban reconstruction. The main content of the method comprises a data set, a network structure and a training method. The process comprises the steps of firstly generating a corresponding feature map by using the data set, then constructing a supervised deep learning frame based on a convolutional neural network, performing label classification and feature extraction on an input image, then inputting extracted features into a linear classifier support vector machine for a multi-classification task, and thusdifferentiating a subordination relation of a pixel to be classified. According to the invention, the classification of each pixel point except for boundary pixels in a high-definition image can be processed, a method for keeping the image size to be unchanged in the training process is provided, and the accuracy of object classification performed in a large-scale urban surface map is improved atthe same time.

The invention discloses a method for determining a position of a heavy metal pollution source of urban surface soil, and relates to the technical field of metal pollution source positioning. The method for determining the position of the heavy metal pollution source of the urban surface soil comprises the following steps: supposing a model, establishing the model, manufacturing a pollution elementconcentration distribution diagram, defining relevant parameters, manufacturing one-dimensional vector equation, determining pollution source range, and estimating boundary range pollution range, thereby determining the position of the heavy metal pollution source of urban surface soil. The method for determining the position of the heavy metal pollution source of urban surface soil provided by the invention can shorten a heavy metal pollution source area to a smaller range, and finds the pollution source by randomly getting points.

The present invention relates to a method for eliminating urban surface source pollution and purifying river and lake water quality by utilizing slop protection built up by using shore-protecting functional members. Said new-type shore-protecting ecological concrete functional member has an internal cavity, in the internal cavity a kind of functional filling material is placed, to the filling material the biological membrane can be attached, the filling material can be pebble, biological ceramsite, zeolite and immobilized microbial spheres, etc. and their combination so as to form a biological contact oxidation system. Said invention also provides the action principle of said method, and provides the concrete steps for implementing said method.

The invention discloses an urban surface radial flow ecological disposing method, which is characterized by the following: intercepting primary radial flow of urban rain less than 15mm in the disposing system within pond system and artificial marshland; sedimenting; purifying; draining flow in the natural water.

The invention relates to an urban surface cover fine classification method and device based on a remote sensing image. The method includes: carrying out pixel-level fusion on the Landsat data, the spectral index and the surface temperature; and obtaining a new image fused with various information as input data of the model, extracting corresponding spectrums from the spectrum library in combination with a three-layer classification system to serve as training samples of the first classification model, the second classification model and the third classification model, and calculating abundanceof subdivided ground object coverage types in pixels by using a multi-layer model. Compared with the prior art, the method and device have the advantages that fine classification of the sub-pixel scale of the ground object coverage type is realized, and the precision of urban ground surface coverage classification of the remote sensing image is improved.

The invention relates to a surface temperature downscaling method, system and device based on an XGBoost learning algorithm. The method includes carrying out region division on the research region according to the impermeable surface coverage; combining different influence degrees of low-resolution urban impervious surface coverage, vegetation coverage and road density in different regions on thesurface temperature, combining the influence of the spatial heterogeneity of the urban underlying surface on the surface temperature, and combining low-resolution thermal infrared image data for establishing a low-resolution nonlinear regression model; according to the high-resolution earth surface parameters and the nonlinear regression model, calculating the earth surface parameters. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that high-resolution prediction of the surface temperature of the urban environment with complex spatial heterogeneity is achieved, the surface temperature of roads, buildings, vegetation and water can be distinguished more meticulously, and the accuracy of urban surface temperature prediction is improved.

The invention discloses a method for forecasting urban heat island effect. The method includes the steps of performing temperature inversion for remote sensing image data using a single window algorithm to obtain urban surface temperature data; grading the urban surface temperature data according to mean parameters and standard deviation parameters; conducting statistics of heat island area data of different grades; and calculating an initial state matrix S(0) based on the heat island region data of different grades at the first moment, calculating a transition matrix P based on the heat island region data of different grades at the second moment and the initial state matrix S(0), and calculating the evolution state data of heat island regions in the subsequent required time based on the initial state matrix S(0) and the transition matrix P. The invention constructs the state transition matrix and the initial state matrix by utilizing the temperature inversion grading results, and forecasts the next evolution trend of the heat island based on Markov chain transition probabilities. The invention is high in forecasting accuracy and has a great practical significance.

The invention provides an urban surface water quality analysis method. The method comprises the first step of presetting a water quality monitoring strategy and determining a monitoring site of surface water in each city according to the water quality monitoring strategy; the second step of detecting dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia and nitrogen and total phosphorus contained in unit volume water at each monitoring site and using four detection results as water quality data of the monitoring site; the third step of summarizing the water quality data of the monitoring site of each city and analyzing the water quality data of each city through a Nemerow index method to obtain a water pollution index of the city. According to the method, it is only needed to monitor the four indexes of dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia and nitrogen and total phosphorus in the urban surface water, and then the pollution conditions of the urban surface water can be evaluated. The urban surface water quality analysis method has a unified standard and is high in operability.

The invention discloses an underlying surface nested remote sensing refined drawing method for sponge city construction. 'low influence degree development 'is introduced; The invention discloses an advanced idea of a sponge city, a grade nested classification method and the like. The invention provides a novel remote sensing refined drawing technology which is suitable for sponge city constructionand is supported by an urban surface multi-source data integrated grade scale nested classification system. Sponge city construction planning, design and engineering implementation application objectives are developed, and the key technology and the multi-level proportional scale drawing and visualization method for extracting the surface water permeability, the relative slope information, the population density level and the urban function division multi-attribute information of the'pattern spot entity 'are integrated. The system can realize an intelligent calculation and statistical mappingmethod for sponge city construction target identification. The method has the advantages of being low in cost, high in classification precision and high in applicability, and the target application requirements for sponge city construction, landscape garden planning, ecological environment protection and the like are better met.

The invention discloses a method for determining W parameter of surface runoff pollutant in SWMM software. The method consists of two parts. One is to simulate the erosion of surface sediment with pure water by artificial rainfall under laboratory conditions to form pollutant concentration of surface runoff W0. The other is to consider the natural rainfall water concentration W1 affected by air pollution. By combining the two parts, the determination method of pollutant parameter W of surface runoff under natural rainfall condition is realized. The method solves the problem of determining water quality parameters in SWMM software through the actual runoff data, and combines air pollutants and surface sediment pollutants into urban surface runoff pollution sources to establish a new model of water quality erosion model. Through the method, new SWMM water quality model parameters can be set up in different regions to prevent the errors to the model caused by regional problems.

The invention relates to the technical field of sponge city construction, in particular to a sponge city water circulation system, and aims to overcome the defects that in the process of collecting and recycling city rainfall in the prior art, when the rainfall is large, a drainage system difficultly drains water normally, and city waterlogging is likely to be caused. Wherein the road surface layer is arranged on an urban surface road, the permeable pipeline is used for collecting rainwater permeated into the road surface layer, the rainwater overflow well is used for slowing down the rainwater discharge rate, and the drainage pipeline is used for collecting rainwater and conveying and discharging the rainwater; two symmetrically-arranged water passing holes are formed in the inner side wall of the rainwater overflow well; by means of the sponge city drainage system, the drainage capacity of the sponge city is enhanced, the possibility of urban inland inundation is reduced, and then the stability of the sponge city is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of remote sensing, and particularly relates to a thermal infrared fusion reconstruction method based on a hyperspectral image. The method comprises the following steps: A, pure endmembers are selected based on spectral reflectance characteristics and thermal response characteristics of an urban material; B, a multi-endmember spectral mixed analysis method is used to invert accurate terrain spatial abundance information; and C, through the surface temperature of joint representative endmembers and the spatial abundance information of the endmembers,a surface temperature image with a high spatial resolution is acquired. In the technical scheme of the invention, through a data fusion means, based on a hyperspectral remote sensing data reconstruction theory, the urban surface temperature image with a high spatial resolution is obtained, the image can significantly improve the spatial resolution of the urban temperature, and research on a seriesof problems brought about by an urban heat island and global changes can be done conveniently.

The invention discloses a GIS (Geographic Information System)-based urban hydrological run-off calculating method. The method comprises the following steps of building a urban surface digital elevation model; judging the water direction of a grid in the digital elevation model based on a single flow direction algorithm; carrying out statistics on the number of grids which flow through the upstream of the grid in the current direction, and calculating the converging cumulant of the grid; and grading the converging cumulant of the grid based on natural breaks grading. Meanwhile, the invention further discloses a GIS-based urban hydrological run-off calculating system. The system comprises a modeling unit, a judgment unit, a calculating unit and a converging unit. According to the calculating method and the calculating system provided by the invention, the hydrological run-off can be accurate to be calculated and more reasonable to be planed, thereby being convenient for subsequent urban planning.

The invention discloses an urban surface runoff flow direction calculation method and device based on a cellular automaton. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a cellular basic geographic scene of a research area; determining downstream cells of the intermediate cells according to the water level value, and calculating the time required for transferring the water quantity of theintermediate cells to each downstream cell; comparing the water level value standard deviation between the intermediate cell and the neighborhood cell with the standard deviation threshold, selectinga water quantity distribution weight value, and determining the water quantity distribution proportion in each downstream cell; comparing the time step length of the model with the actual transfer time of the water quantity, and determining the water quantity distribution proportion within one time step length; and calculating the water quantity transferred from the intermediate cell to each downstream cell according to the water quantity of the intermediate cell and the water quantity distribution proportion, setting a transfer upper limit in each downstream direction, and correcting the water quantity transferred to each downstream cell. The method is more suitable for the actual flow direction motion process, can make up for the defects of other multi-flow-direction algorithms, and improves the simulation precision of the urban confluence process.

The invention discloses a high-strength and high-water permeability ceramic water permeable brick and a preparation method thereof. The high-strength and high-water permeability ceramic water permeable brick comprises the following raw materials in part by weight: 60-80 parts of porous coarse aggregates, 30-40 parts of ceramsite, 20-30 parts of cement, 10-30 parts of calcined metakaolin powder, 10-20 parts of fly ash, 5-15 parts of coal gangue, 3-8 parts of coal ball micro-powder, 2-8 parts of fibers, 1-5 parts of a pore-forming agent, 0.3-0.8 part of a water reducer and 0.1-0.5 part of sintering aid. The water permeable brick disclosed by the invention is excellent in water permeability, high in strength, good in wear resistance, and convenient and quick to construct, also has the functions of water storage, dehumidification and humidification and is used on a pavement to relieve the pressure caused by too much rain to the urban pavement and reduce the urban surface temperature.

The invention relates to a permeable pavement construction process, and relates to the field of road construction. The permeable pavement construction process comprises the following steps that S1, asite is selected, a foundation pit is excavated, soil in the foundation pit is cleaned, the foundation pit is tamped, and road shoulders are paved on the two sides of the foundation pit; S2, a gradedbroken stone layer is laid on a foundation pit soil layer, rolled and leveled; S3, a coarse sand layer is paved on the graded broken stone layer, rolled and leveled; S4, water seepage bricks are pavedon the coarse sand layer by utilizing a brick paving device; and S5, finally, gaps between the water seepage bricks and the road shoulders are filled with concrete, and after the concrete is solidified, pavement construction is completed. The permeable pavement construction process has the advantages that water on the road surface can be drained away in time, and the possibility of urban inland inundation caused by accumulated water on the road surface is reduced; and the temperature and humidity of the urban surface can be adjusted, the heat island phenomenon is eliminated, and environmentalprotection is achieved.

The invention discloses an urban ventilation corridor delimiting method for improving urban climate livable degree. The method comprises the following steps of: step 1, delimiting an action space, respectively importing underlying surface data and urban planning land data of an urban current situation into urban meteorological and ecological analysis software, analyzing an urban surface ventilation potential level, identifying an area with a poor urban ventilation environment, obtaining a surface temperature through satellite remote sensing image data inversion, and calculating an area with high urban heat island intensity. In the invention, a complete set of urban ventilation corridors for improving the overall ventilation capacity of a city is established from four aspects of range definition of an action space, identification of a compensation space, construction and verification of the ventilation corridors and management and control of the ventilation corridors. Therefore, the planning result of the urban ventilation corridors by adopting the technical scheme provided by the invention is accurate, the detection is easy, and the management and control are convenient.

The invention discloses an urban surface feature refined classification method combining point cloud data of an airborne laser radar (LiDAR) and a high-definition aerial image, and aims to realize three-dimensional refined extraction of urban complex surface features in a stepped manner by adopting effective classification features for different surface features. The method comprises the followingsteps: firstly, point cloud hole tracking is carried out to realize extraction of a water body, and an improved point cloud filtering method of a progressive encryption triangulation network is adopted to realize extraction of ground points; then vegetation extraction is realized by utilizing a vegetation index image obtained by calculating a high-resolution aerial image, a vegetation point cloudcan be obtained by projecting an extraction result onto the point cloud, and on the basis, classification of tree, shrub and grassland point clouds is sequentially realized by adopting a top-down segmentation strategy. And finally, point cloud segmentation is performed on the remaining unclassified point clouds by adopting a clustering method of three-dimensional mark connectors, and identification rules for segmentation blocks are proposed, so that single extraction of buildings, bridges and lamp pole points is realized.

During surface runoff simulation with remote sensing information, traditional LSMA (linear spectral mixture analysis for extraction can result in increased errors of impervious surface, vegetation andsoil and further affect surface runoff simulation precision. For solving the problem, the invention discloses a method for extracting imperious surface, vegetation and soil coverage through a BCI (biophysical composition index)-based linear spectral mixture analysis method and simulating surface runoff through a Soil Conservation Service Curve Number Method model. The method comprises the following steps of 1) extracting urban impervious surface, vegetation and soil coverage on the basis of a traditional LSMA method, computing BCI and correcting results; 2) taking the impervious surface, vegetation and soil coverage as the input of the SCS-CN (Soil Conservation Serve Curve Number) model to acquire simulated surface runoff; 3) computing and analyzing the landscape pattern index of the impervious surface to acquire the association between the landscape pattern index of the impervious surface of the simulated surface runoff and further detecting and predicting the surface runoff throughthe impervious surface.

The invention discloses an urban surface runoff pollutant load calculation method. According to the land utilization property of a catchment area and the condition of an underlying surface, a calculation model of the characteristic area of a permeable area, the characteristic area of an impermeable area and the characteristic area is provided, and a calculation model of the urban surface runoff pollutant load is established, so that the pollution load of various pollutants under the surface runoff under different rainfall conditions can be quickly estimated.

The invention discloses an urban surface reflectance remote sensing inversion method, which comprises the following steps of S1, quantifying total radiation received by an urban surface ground objecttarget; S2, quantifying the radiance of the entrance pupil of the sensor; and S3, calculating the surface reflectance of the urban area by combining the step S1 and the step S2. The inversion method has the advantages that the transmission process of solar radiation in an urban area-atmosphere interface is simulated; physical processes such as shielding of direct solar radiation by urban buildings, influence of sky vision field coefficients on sky diffuse radiation and multiple reflection effects of side faces and the earth surface of the buildings are considered, and the model is clear in physical significance and can well represent influence of urban forms and structural features on the solar radiation transmission process.

The invention provides an urban road surface gathered water recovery processing system. The urban road surface gathered water recovery processing system is characterized in that a water pumping device is connected to a water storage device, and the road surface gathered water is collected into the water storage device; the water storage device is connected to a water drainage device, and the water is drained and reused; and a power device drives the water pumping device to suck the road surface gathered water into a filtering system, the gathered water flows into the water storage system via the filtering system. According to different demands, the drainage system drains filtered clean water and sewage to be used, and in this way, the road surface gathered water can be cleaned, dust raising of roads can be relieved, and an environment protection effect can be achieved through secondary utilization of the collected gathered water. The urban road surface gathered water recovery processing system is simple in structure, is easy to produce, assemble and maintain, and has a certain automatic control function and a safe protection function.