The invention relates to a hierarchical pore structure 
silicon-based negative 
electrode material for a 
lithium battery and a preparation method of the hierarchical pore structure 
silicon-based negative 
electrode material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: using a waste ultrafine 
silicon dioxide 
powder material generated in 
optical fiber production, firstly performing acid 
pickling and purification on the 
silicon dioxide powder, then using a water bath method to disperse the purified 
silicon dioxide powder into deionized water, adding a 
silane coupling agent, then adding an acid to the solution, further adding a surfactant, stirring, standing, crystallizing, filtering, 
drying and calcining the 
crystal at high temperature to form a modified carrier; adding the modified 
carrier material to an 
ethanol solution or deionized water, adding silica powder, stirring and dispersing, filtering and 
drying to obtain the silicon-based material with a mesoporous structure; then adding the purified 
silicon dioxide powder to a 
sodium hydroxide solution, performing high temperature 
autoclave reaction, adding the silicon-base material with the mesoporous structure and a carbon material to the obtained product, then adding an acid solution, washing, 
drying and calcining at high temperature, and naturally cooling to obtain the silicon-based negative 
electrode material with the hierarchical pore structure.