The invention discloses a swab eluting solution with sample preservation and inactivation functions. The swab eluting solution is prepared from guanidinium 
isothiocyanate, 
ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, a buffering solution, 
dithiothreitol, a surfactant, glass beads or 
polypropylene plastic beads and de-ionized water, wherein the contents of the components in the eluting solution are as follows: 20 weight / 
volume percent to 55 weight / 
volume percent of the guanidinium 
isothiocyanate, 1mM to 25mM of the 
ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 20mM to 100mM of the buffering solution, 1 weight / 
volume percent to 5 weight / volume percent of the 
dithiothreitol, 1 percent to 5 percent of the surfactant and 3 to 10 glass beads or 
polypropylene plastic beads. The prepared eluting solution is low-cost and stable in performance; the prepared eluting solution can be used for preserving 
DNA / 
RNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid / Ribonucleic Acid), and 
elution and normal-temperature preservation and transportation of a swab sample are realized; pathogens can be inactivated, so that the swab eluting solution has a sample inactivation effect, and risks of exposed infection in a laboratory can be greatly reduced; the guanidinium 
isothiocyanate which is used in the eluting solution is a common chemical component for extracting 
nucleic acid, so that the subsequent extraction of the 
nucleic acid is not influenced.