The invention provides a 
water quality monitoring instrument and a 
water quality monitoring method. The 
water quality monitoring instrument comprises a 
digestion system, a circulating 
system, a detection 
system, a 
control system and an upper computer system, wherein the 
digestion system is used for carrying out 
catalytic decomposition on water samples, and promoting 
reagent solutions to react with the water samples; the circulating system is used for providing 
reagent solutions and water samples required by 
spectral analysis, enabling orthophosphate to sequentially react with 
antimony potassium molybdate and ascorbic acids in the 
reagent solutions so as to obtain phosphomolybdenum blue solution, and enabling o-
phthalaldehyde in the reagent solutions to react with 
ammonia nitrogen in the water samples so as to obtain an 
isoindole derivative solution; the detection system is used for respectively detecting the 
absorbance value of the phosphomolybdenum blue solution and the 
fluorescence value of the 
isoindole derivative solution; the 
control system is used for controlling the adding sequence of the reagent solutions in the circulating system, controlling the starting and stopping of the 
digestion system and the 
control system, and generating a corresponding detecting result according to the 
absorbance value and the 
fluorescence value; and the upper computer system is used for providing the input and display of man-
machine interaction for operators. Through optimization design on an internal structure, the contents of 
ammonia nitrogen and 
total phosphorus in a 
water sample are simultaneously measured, thereby reducing the cost of water quality detection, and improving the efficiency of water 
quality monitoring.