The invention discloses a 
biological target molecule detection method based on multivalent capture and output 
signal amplification, and belongs to the technical field of biological detection. The detection method comprises the following steps: adding an identification probe into a solution to be detected, identifying and combining targeted 
biological target molecules, releasing an initiating sequence, allowing the initiating sequence to open hairpin probes to generate a hybridization 
chain reaction, adding an auxiliary probe, sealing hairpin probes which do not participate in the reaction, placing a carrier which is self-assembled with a capture probe on a gold interface in the reaction solution, capturing a hybridization 
chain reaction product onto a gold sheet, and finally analyzing thesignal mark change on the gold interface to further calculate the content of the targeted 
biological target molecules in the sample to be detected. The method forms a plurality of hybridization chainreaction products are formed through the hybridization 
chain reaction, and then utilizes interface multivalent capture and 
signal output amplification, so that the detection of target molecules is realized; and under the help of the auxiliary probe, the efficiency of capturing hybridization chain reaction products by the sensing interface is improved, and the detection sensitivity is improved.