The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vaccine composition which is safe and effective as a preventive 
medicine or a treatment 
medicine for infections and / or 
cancer, can effectively induce a systemic immune response and a mucosal immune response, and which is capable of being administered to the 
oral mucosa, ocular mucosa, ear mucosa, genital mucosa, pharyngeal mucosa, 
respiratory mucosa, bronchial mucosa, pulmonary mucosa, 
gastric mucosa, 
intestinal mucosa, or 
rectal mucosa. The present invention is a 
mucosal vaccine composition administered to at least one type of 
mucous membrane of a person or animal, the 
mucous membrane being selected from a group comprising the 
oral mucosa, ocular mucosa, ear mucosa, genital mucosa, pharyngeal mucosa, 
respiratory mucosa, bronchial mucosa, pulmonary mucosa, 
gastric mucosa, 
intestinal mucosa, and 
rectal mucosa. The 
mucosal vaccine composition is characterized by containing at least one type of 
antigen, and, as an 
immunostimulant agent, a 
lipopolysaccharide or a salt thereof derived from at least one type of a 
gram-negative bacterium selected from a group consisting of 
Serratia, Leclercia, Rahnella, Acidicaldus, Acidiphilium, Acidisphaera, Acidocella, Acidomonas, Asaia, Belnapia, Craurococcus, 
Gluconacetobacter, 
Gluconobacter, Kozakia, Leahibacter, Muricoccus, Neoasaia, Oleomonas, Paracraurococcus, Rhodopila, Roseococcus, Rubritepida, Saccharibacter, Stella, Swaminathania, Teichococcus, Zavarzinia, 
Pseudomonas, 
Achromobacter, Bacillus, Methanoculleus, Methanosarcina, 
Clostridium, 
Micrococcus, 
Flavobacterium, 
Pantoea, 
Acetobacter, 
Zymomonas, 
Xanthomonas, and 
Enterobacter. Moreover, the 
mucosal vaccine composition is characterized in that the 
mass ratio of the abovementioned 
immunostimulant agent and 
antigen (the total 
mass of the 
immunostimulant agent / the total 
mass of the 
antigen) is between 0.002 and 500.