The invention relates to an iron tailing soil improvement agent and an iron tailing soil improvement method. The iron tailing soil improvement agent comprises 
biochar, rice husks, ceramsite, organic fertilizers, attapulgite 
powder and planting soil. A 
mass ratio of the 
biochar to the rice husks to the ceramsite to the organic fertilizers to the attapulgite 
powder to the planting soil is (0.5-3):(0.2-1):(0.5-1.5):(1-4):(1-2.5):(1.0-2.2). The iron tailing soil improvement agent and the iron tailing soil improvement method have the advantages that the particle size of soil can be improved by theaid of the iron tailing soil improvement agent, the 
loss rate of water in the soil can be eased, the 
water retention capacity can be enhanced, organic matters can be quickly and effectively supplemented, the content of organic matters in tailing can be effectively increased, and suitable environments can be provided for 
plant growth; the rice husks and the ceramsite are matched with one another, the 
porosity of iron tailing soil can be improved, the hardening degree of the soil can be lowered, the tailing soil can keep in excellent gas-permeable and soft states for a long term, accordingly, the iron tailing soil improvement agent and the iron tailing soil improvement method are favorable for 
respiration of animals and plants in the soil, and the 
survival rate can be increased.